Analysis of Legal Protection for Digital Gig Economy Workers in Timor-Leste

Abstract

The development of the digital economy has given birth to a new form of employment relationship known as the gig economy, including in the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste. Digital gig economy workers are important actors in supporting economic dynamics, but are often in vulnerable positions due to unclear legal status and limited labor protection. This study aims to analyze the applicable legal arrangements, legal status and employment status of digital gig economy workers, and formulate an ideal and equitable legal protection concept in Timor-Leste. The research method used is normative legal research with a legal and conceptual approach, through the study of the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, the Labor Law, and international labor doctrines and standards. The results of the study show that although constitutional norms and labor laws have provided a basis for worker protection, the existing legal framework has not optimally reached gig economy workers because it is still oriented towards conventional employment relationships. The legal status of gig economy workers is ambiguous due to their classification as independent partners, which has an impact on the limited protection of workers' basic rights. Therefore, a concept of legal protection that is oriented towards substantial protection, the application of social justice principles, and harmonization with international labor standards, especially the principle of decent work, is needed to ensure inclusive and fair legal protection for digital gig economy workers in Timor-Leste.