RIA SITORUS, Paskah; DEWI, Dewi; SUNNY, Sunny; WIJAYA, Suherni; LIDIA GULTOM , Lamtiur. The Effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio, Loan-to-Deposit Ratio, Non-Performing Loans, and Operating Expenses on Operating Income and Bank Stability Among Banking Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange Period 2022–2024. Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management, [S. l.], v. 5, n. 9, p. 11612–11623, 2026. DOI: 10.59141/jrssem.v5i9.1448. Disponível em: https://jrssem.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/jrssem/article/view/1448. Acesso em: 24 apr. 2026.