JRSSEM 2022, Vol. 01, No. 6, 747 – 753

E-ISSN: 2807 - 6311, P-ISSN: 2807 - 6494

DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v1i6.94

EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF WHITE TURMERIC

(CURCUMA ZEDOARIA) AS HEPATOPROTECTOR IN MALE

RATS INDUCED BY CUSO4 PENTAHYDRATE

Sofiani Sari

Chrismis novalinda ginting

Linda chiuman

Sahna Ferdinan Ginting

1,2,3

Prima field medical university, Indonesia

e-mail: sofiani.sari@gmail.com

, chrismis@unprimdn.ac.id

, lqiu_man@yahoo.com

sahnaferdinand@unprimdn.ac.id

*Correspondence: sofiani.sari@gmail.com

Submitted 29 December 2021, Revised 11 January 2022, Accepted: 20 January 2022

Abstract. White turmeric is known to the public as having various uses in terms of health, such as

as a liver protector (hepatoprotector) which functions to destroy toxins that enter the human body,

one of which is exposure to copper (CuSO4) Pentahydrate which is widely exposed in everyday life.

to determine the protection against liver damage induced by copper by using ethanol extract of

white turmeric rhizome (Curcuma Zedoaria) through histopathological examination of the liver of

male wistar rats and to determine the best dose of white turmeric rhizome extract (Curcuma

Zedoari). This study is categorized as an experimental research conducted following the posttest

only control group design. Sampling is done through simple random sampling. After the data was

proven to be normally distributed and continued with the ANOVA test and obtained a P value of

0.001 (≤ 0.05). The mean value of changes in the histological structure of the rat liver P1 0.00/0.00;

P2 0.00/0.00; P3(500mg dose) 2.00/1.41; P4(750mg dose) 6.00/0.00; P5 4.44/1.50; P6(1000mg dose)

6.00/0.00. This shows that the highest degree of change in liver function is the P4 treatment group

with an average of 6.00 and the lowest is the P6 treatment group with an average of 3.75.

Conclusion: These results indicate that the ethanoic extract of white turmeric rhizome has high

hepatoprotective activity at a dose of 1000mg.

Keywords: white turmeric rhizome hepatoprotector; CuSO4; copper.

Sofiani Sari, Chrismis Novalinda Ginting, Linda Chiuman, Sahna Ferdinan Ginting  |748
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
Copper  has  a  role  important  for  the 
human  body  (Osredkar  &  Sustar,  2011). 
This metal can be used as the main atom 
and has a crucial role in the management 
of water transportation in the human body. 
Thus,  the  use  of  copper  in  the  form  of 
complexes and additional protein has been 
widely used for health purposes (Duncan & 
White, 2012). 
Lack of copper in the body affects the 
inhibition  of  the  formation  and 
development of hemoglobin. Copper is an 
element  that  is  needed  by  the  body  for 
metabolism,  making  hemoglobin  and 
physiological  stages  in  the  body  (Kaler, 
2013). 
In Indonesia, there are three (3) types of 
white  turmeric  include  zedoaria  white 
turmeric  (Curcumazedoaria  Roscoe), 
mango  white  turmeric  (Curcumamango 
Val)  and  white  turmeric  gombyok 
(Kaempferiarotunda). Curcuma Zedoaria is 
used  as  one  of  the  agricultural  products 
from white turmeric which has a role as an 
antioxidant  (Gafar  &  Agustini,  2020), 
epicurminol  has  anti-tumor  properties, 
curcuminol has liver protective properties. 
Curcuminoidscompounds  Curcuma 
zedoaria such as curcumin and demethoxy 
curcumin and bisdemethoxy curcumin are 
bioactive  components.  According  to 
(Saputra,  Triatmojo,  &  Pertiwiningrum, 
2010)  investigated the methanol extract of 
Curcuma zedoaria which produced a  pale 
yellow oily  solid, non-crystalline, aromatic 
and had a yield of 8.7%. The ethanol extract 
of  Curcuma  zedoaria  produced  a  pale 
yellow  oily  solid  (Osorio-Tobón,  Carvalho, 
Rostagno,  Petenate,  &  Meireles,  2016), 
non-crystalline, aromatic, and had a yield of 
8.2% extract Curcuma zedoaria produced a 
maroon-brown  (gummy)  solid  (Kimura, 
Sumiyoshi, & Tamaki, 2013), non-crystalline 
and containing a yield of 11.4%. 
According to (Naqvi, Azhar, Jabeen, & 
Hasan,  2012)  researched  that  white 
turmeric  plants  can  be  used  as  medicinal 
plants for  several diseases, including pain 
during  menstruation  (dysmenorrhea), 
absent  menstruation  (amenorrhea), 
digestive disorders (dyspepsia), swelling of 
the  liver  (hepatomegaly),  spleenomegaly, 
wounds,  ibruised  itoothache,  sore  throat, 
increase  the  effectiveness  of  radiation 
therapy  and  chemotherapy  for  cancer 
patients  (Gurrapu  &  Mamidala,  2016). 
Curcuma  Zedoaria  can  also  be  used  as  a 
cytostatic, immunodulator (Ahmed Hamdi 
et al., 2014). Through in vitro screening of 
ethanolic  extracts  from  107  plant  species 
from 48 plant families against Raji cells and 
assay  of  tumor  promoter  12-O-
hexadecanoylphorbol-13-acetas (HPA) with 
Epstein-Barr (EB)  virus. activation, showed 
that 71% of plant ethanol extracts slowed 
>30% of EB virus activation at 200 mg/ml 
levels.  
The purpose of this study was to assess 
liver  damage  induced  by  CuSO4 
pentahydrate  against  the  use  of  white 
turmeric extract  (curcuma  Zedoaria)  livers 
through histopathological observations of 
male rats',  to determine the  best dose of 
white turmeric extract (Curcuma Zedoaria) 
livers.  which  can  prevent  liver  damage  in 
the  histopathological  description  of  male 
rats'induced by copper. 
 
 
 

749 | Effect of Ethanol Extract of White Turmeric (Curcuma Zedoaria) as Hepatoprotector in

Male Rats Induced By Cuso4 Pentahydrate

METHODS

This experimental study was conducted

following the posttest only control group

design. Sampling was done through a

simple random sampling technique. This

experiment was carried out over a period of

2 months, namely March 2019 – May 2019.

The manufacture of white turmeric rhizome

extract and the treatment of test animals

were carried out at the Pharmacology and

Toxicology Laboratory of the Faculty of

Pharmacy, USU Medan. Liver

histopathology was made at the

Department of Histology, Faculty of

Medicine, USU Medan. The test animals in

this study were 24 male rats (Rattus

noverticus) male wistar strain aged 6-8

weeks, whose weight ranged from 160-

200gram. The sample size of this study was

determined based on the Federer formula

for experimental tests. The hepatotoxic

material used is copper, in the form of

CuSO4 pentahydrate which is obtained

from PT. Artha Jaya Sanatyasa Chemindo,

Jakarta. White turmeric extract solvent in

the form of ethanol was obtained from the

Faculty of Pharmacy, University of North

Sumatra, Medan.

Treatment of Test Animals

Group 1 : Normal group was only given

standard food and drink

Group 2 : Negative control group, given

standard food and drink with white

turmeric extract 500mg/kgBW

Group 3 : Positive control group, given

standard food and drink without white

turmeric extract but treated with a solution

containing CuSO4pentahydrate 4mg /

KgBW administered orally using oral

intragastric tube 1 times a day on days

10,11,12,13,14.

Group 4 : Treatment group 1 was given

standard food and drink, white turmeric

extract at a dose of 500mg/kgBW orally

using an intragastric oral tube once a day

for a period of 14 days continuously and

given a solution containing CuSO4

pentahydrate 4m/kgBW on day 10 , 11, 12,

13, 14.

Group 5 : Treatment group 2 was given

standard food and drink, white turmeric

extract at a dose of 750 mg/kgBW orally

using an intragastric oral tube once per day

for 14 consecutive days and given a

solution containing CuSO4 pentahydrate

4mg/kgBW on days 10, 11, 12, 13, 14.

Group 6 : Treatment group 3 was given

standard food and drink, white turmeric

extract at a dose of 1000mg/kgBW orally

using an intragastric oral tube once a day

for 14 consecutive days. participating were

given a solution containing CuSO4

pentahydrate 4 mg/kgBW on days 10, 11,

12, 13, 14.

On day 15 the rats would be euthanized

and persian surgical pan and then the

preparation of liver histology preparations

and microscopic observations

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Following the observation of the effects

of extract of white turmeric

(Curcumazedoaria) as a hepatoprotective in

male rats induced by CuSO4 pentahydrate,

grouped in 6 treatments the group 1

control group 2 negative control group 3

Sofiani Sari, Chrismis Novalinda Ginting, Linda Chiuman, Sahna Ferdinan Ginting |750

positive control, a group of 4 doses 500mg,

group 5 doses of 750mg and group 6 doses

of 1000mg, found the results of

observations in the treatment group using

rat liver histopathological picture data for

each group, analyzed descriptively by

comparing changes in the

histopathological structure of rat liver that

occurred in 6 groups.

Figure 1. Microanatomical description of normal liver cells.

The control group which was only given

standard food and drink and group 2 which

was given food and drink and 500 mg white

turmeric extract showed a normal liver

histology structure where hepatocytes and

sinusoidal clefts could be seen clearly, there

were no vacuoles. However, a number of

damage to the nucleus of cells were

identified, such as pyknosis and cariesorex

that may occur due to aging and cell death.

Where the incident, physiologically occurs

in all normal cells.

Figure 2. Microanatomical description of abnormal liver cells (Group 3)

The positive control group who was

only given CuSO4 showed significant liver

damage in the form of parenchymatous

degeneration (fatty/DP), hydropic

degeneration (DH), cell necrosis

characterized by pyknosis (PI).

Solidification of the core and a change in

color that looks darker.

751 | Effect of Ethanol Extract of White Turmeric (Curcuma Zedoaria) as Hepatoprotector in

Male Rats Induced By Cuso4 Pentahydrate

Figure 3. Microanatomical description of abnormal liver cells (groups 4 and 5)

Groups 4 and 5 still had a lot of damage

in the form of parenchymatous

degeneration, hydropic degeneration,

necrosis in the form of pyknosis, vacuole

(VA) and hemorrhagic (HM).

The degenerative changes are

reversible. Sustained degeneration has the

potential to cause cell death (necrosis),

which is irreversible. Furthermore, this

change can be identified by the occurrence

of cytoplasmic changes (Ebner & Götz,

2019), for hydropic degeneration it is

identified through the cytoplasm

undergoing vacuolization, while for

degeneration it is identified through fat-

filled vacuoles that push the nucleus

towards the edge of the cell.

Figure 4. Microanatomy depiction of abnormal liver cells in the

Sofiani Sari, Chrismis novalinda ginting, Linda chiuman, Sahna Ferdinan Ginting  |752
 
 
 
DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v1i6.94 
Group  of  six.  The  administration  of 
white  turmeric  extract  (curcuma  zedoaria) 
at  a  dose  of  1000  mg  showed  an 
improvement  which  showed  reduced 
parenchymatous  degeneration  and 
hydrophilic  degeneration,  but  abnormal 
liver abnormalities were still found. 
 
White turmeric extract (curcuma zedoaria) 
has an antioxidant effect that comes from 
the  curcumin  compound  it  has  (Puspita, 
Yulianti,  &  Mozartha,  2019).  The 
antioxidant  has  an  essential  role  in  the 
capture  of  free  radicals  that  can  helpThe 
positive control group who was only given 
CuSO4 showed significant liver 
 
CONCLUSIONS 
 
The from this study are white turmeric 
extract  (curcuma  zedoaria)  at  a  dose  of 
1000  mg  has  hepatoprotective  activity 
against the histopathological description of 
the  liver  of  male  Wistar  rats  exposed  to 
high doses of CuSO4 pentahydrate. 
 
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