JRSSEM 2022, Vol. 01, No. 7, 774 – 784

E-ISSN: 2807 - 6311, P-ISSN: 2807 - 6494

DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v1i7.87

REDESIGN OF UNMANNED SURFACE VESSEL (USV) HULL

TO INCREASE THE PERFORMANCE AND TO SUPPORT

NAVAL OPERATIONS

Hendri Priyono

Sovian Aritong

Mahesa Akbar

1,2,3

Indonesia Defense University

e-mail: priyonohendr[email protected]

, sonarira@yahoo.co.id

, mahesa_ak[email protected]

*Correspondence: priyono[email protected]

Submitted: 27 January 2022, Revised: 5 February 2022, Accepted: 16 February 2022

Abstrak. The Indonesian Navy's current unmanned vessel is the first unmanned ship made by the

Indonesian Navy's Research and Development Service. This vessel is not optimal, it is necessary to

redesign the hull using the model simulation method with the assistance of Maxsurf software. By

using this maxsurf software, it will be easier to analyze hydrodynamic performance, one of which

is the vessel's resistance. The redesign shows the results that there is a reduction in ship resistance.

By redesigning, the hull of the Indonesian Navy's unmanned vessel by using the model simulation

method with the assistance of the Maxsurf software in analyzing hydrodynamic performance, we

get the resistance value at maximum speed. Meanwhile, the power required by the ship is at

maximum speed so that the speed shows an increase in maximum ship speed, thereby fulfilling the

operational requirements and producing good maneuverability. Therefore, it can be concluded

that the ship after being redesigned can be better.

Keywords: unmanned vessel; vessel speed; resistance

Hendri Priyono,Sovian Aritong, Mahesa Akbar                                                                      | 775 
 
DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v1i7.87 
INTRODUCTION 
 
The  development  of  technology  and 
science is the main part in driving for the 
realization of a change. Currently,  science 
and  technology  can  be  said  to  be  the 
elements  of  progress  of  a  human 
civilization.  Indonesia  through  the  2010-
2025 Minimum Essential Force (MEF) carry 
out  large-scale  activities  in  order  to 
strengthen the military defense system and 
national  security  by  producing  and 
purchasing  Defense  and  Security 
Equipment (Alpalhankam) (Permenhan No 
23  thn  2016  tentang  Pembinaan  Industri 
Pertahanan).  Indonesia  is  actively 
developing and producing Alpalhankam as 
an  effort  to  bring  independence  in  the 
Defense Industry (Susdarwono, 2021).  
Based on the MEF, the development of 
the Navy's posture which includes the level 
of  capability  (Collin,  2015);  (Susilo, 
Ciptomulyono, Putra, Ahmadi, & Suharyo, 
2019),  strength,  and  pattern  of  strength 
degrees  in  essentially  oriented  to  the 
achievement  of  the  tasks  of  the  Navy  in 
order to support the national interest. The 
limited  defense  budget  and  the  rapid 
changes  in  the  strategic  environment  will 
add to the complexity of the problems in 
enforcement  and  security  at  sea,  so  it  is 
necessary to rearrange the Navy's combat 
power which does not only refer to threats 
at  sea,  the  biggest  marine  threat  at  this 
time is the North Natuna sea threat and the 
need for security and ship operations that 
can  at  any  time  carry  out  security  at  sea 
(Djalante et al., 2020); (Octavian, Cahyono, 
&  Pranowo,  2020).  However,  it  is  also 
oriented  to  achieve  certain  abilities 
(Capability  Based  Planning).  The  research 
and  development  of  the  Unmanned 
Surface Vessel (USV) or unmanned vessel is 
carried  out  for  the  first  time  by  the 
Indonesian  Navy  Research  and 
Development Service (Dislitbangal) (Dwiko 
Hardianto,  Wasis Dwi  Aryawan  ejurnal,  its 
engineering,  ITS  2017.  “Developing  the 
Unmanned Surface  Vehicle  design  concept 
(USV)  for  monitoring  Indonesian  territorial 
waters"). 
Dislitbangal  developed  this  type  of 
Unmanned  Vessel  in  partnership  with  PT 
Robo  Marine  Indonesia  which  is  in 
Bandung. In the plan to build this  ship, it 
will be placed on the KRIs (warships of the 
Republic  of  Indonesia)  with  the  type  of 
ships  having  a  length  of  80  meters  and 
above. This is done because these ships are 
usually as headquarters ships or command 
ships. This unmanned ship has the task of 
operating as a combat ship (combatant) or 
initial attacker and as much as possible as 
initial intelligence  from  the KRIs  (Milan & 
Bassiri  Tabrizi,  2020);  (Ernest  et  al.,  2016) 
therefore it is necessary to build a ship that 
is  adjusted  to  a  larger  size  and  can  load 
Remote  Control  Weapon  System  (RCWS) 
weapons 7.62 mm caliber, good propulsion 
system,  and  good  sensor,  weapon,  and 
command equipment  and  electronic 
equipment (Sewaco) as well. 
Based  on  the  above,  for  the 
manufacture  of  unmanned  vessels  in  the 
future in accordance with the demands of 
operational  requirements  (Opsreq)  at  full 
load  conditions  capable  of  loading  even 
greater  loads.  Thus,  it  is  necessary  to 
redesign  the  shape  of  the  Dislitbangal 
unmanned vessel hull using the modeling 
method  of  hull  design  with  software  for 
simulation  ship  resistance  (Bahatmaka, 

776 | Redesign of Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) Hull to Increase the Performance and to

Support Naval Operations

Hadi, & Mulyatno, 2014).

Redesign hull are expected to reduce

drag and increase the load on the vessel so

that the performance of the vessel can

increase.

METHODS

The method used in this research is the

method of experimentation and simulation.

The hull redesign of the Dislitbangal

unmanned ship uses drag analysis and ship

stability calculations. The desired results

from the simulation of resistance analysis

and calculation of ship stability in modeling

the shape of the hull are in the form of

resistance values to determine the

maximum load of the ship, the optimal

speed of the ship, and the stability of the

ship.

Analysis of Ship Design DataWith

Numerical Approach

One of the design stages that is quite

important is the analysis stage, where the

research analyzes the design of the ship's

hull for variations in speed (Yousefi,

Shafaghat, & Shakeri, 2013), optimization

of hull shape, hull constraints on unmanned

vessels made by Dislitbangal. The reference

for the analysis needs used is (Report of

Unmanned Vessel of PT Robo Marine

Indonesia (2019) Dislitbangal):

a. General Specification

1. Length : 1.5 meters

2. Width : 0.8 meters

3. Weight : 64 kgs

4. Speed : 4.7 knots

5. Propulsion : Dual electric

6. Engine : Electric motor 2 x 1

7. Power : Battery operated

8. Payload Weight: 10 kgs

9. Communication real time range up

to 1 km

10. Self righting mechanism

b. Payload

1. Axis video camera gimbal

2. Video transmitter module

3. Inertial measurement Unit (IMU)

4. GNSS positioning system

5. Wireless data communication

The data is used to analyze lines plan

data, general arrangement drawings,

hydrostatic calculations, resistance values,

power values, and stability of the

redesigned vessel (Evans, 1959)

Data Analysis Using Software

The research method used is numerical.

model simulation ship design software

through Maxsurf modeling. Then the

analysis uses numerical calculations to

determine the resistance, movement and

stability

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Vessel Model Design

After obtaining the main size of the

ship, the next work is model design, model

design in shipping technology starts from

line planning, general planning and the last

is machinery and system planning, (Tsou &

Hsueh, 2010) in this study only carried out

at the line planning stage or linesplan. The

3-D hull form modeling was carried out

using the Maxsurf Modeler Advanced 20

Hendri Priyono,Sovian Aritong, Mahesa Akbar | 777

V8i Bentley software and all comparison

objects were studied by using software

from the Formation Design System Suite,

sach as maxsurf resistance, maxsurf

stability, and maxsurf motion.

Linesplan Planning

Vessel Linesplan Before Redesign

The dimensions of the main vessel size

properties (Abe et al., 2012), which are the

fixed parameters according to the technical

specifications of the Dislitbangal

unmanned vessels made in 2020, are as

follows:

Figure 1. Ship Linesplan before Redesign

Source: Dislitbangal, 2020

Figure 1 is the image of the linesplan of

the Dislitbangal unmanned vessel and has

several characteristics as shown in the

following table:

Table 1. Ship Characteristics before Redesign

Unit

Value

Displacement

0.022

ton

Volume

(displaced)

21466487

Draft

Amidships

WL Length

1361.3

Prismatic

coeff. (Cp)

0.711

Block coeff.

(Cb)

0.367

LCB length

522.8

from zero

pt.

LCF length

528.7

from zero

778 | Redesign of Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) Hull to Increase the Performance and to

Support Naval Operations

pt.

LCB %

38.403

from zero

pt.

LCF %

38.839

from zero

pt.

Vessel linesplan Afterredesign

After doing this research, the linesplan

design uses formdata measurements in its

design technique, by making changes to

the length of the ship (WL = 7,219 m),

vessel draft (T) = 0.225 m, then the new

linesplan form is as follows and gets

changes from the vessel's characteristics.

From the results of design

modifications in this study, the linesplan

design uses formdata measurements on

the main size to make a line plan drawing

on the redesigned vessel as follows:

Figure 2. Linesplan after redesign

Source: Researcher, 2021

Table 2. Ship Characteristics after Redesign

Unit

Value

Displacement

1.217

Ton

Volume

(displaced)

1187745261

mm^3

Draft

Amidships

225

WL Length

7218.8

Prismatic

coeff. (Cp)

0.726

Block coeff.

(Cb)

0.35

LCB length

2744.6

from zero pt.

LCF length

2821.3

from zero pt.

LCB %

38.02

from zero pt.

LCF %

39.082

from zero pt.

Source: Researcher, 2021

Comparison of Vessel Hydrostatic

Calculations

To illustrate hydrostatic curves is to

make two axes perpendicular to each other

where the horizontal axis is the bottom line

of the ship while the vertical line shows the

Hendri Priyono,Sovian Aritong, Mahesa Akbar | 779

draft of each water line which is used as the

starting point for measuring the hydrostatic

curve. Tables and graphs of the results of

hydrostatic curve analysis using maxsurf

stability software are as follows:

Figure 3. Ship Hydrostatic Curve before Redesign

Source: Researcher, 2021

Figure 4. Ship Hydrostatic Curve before Redesign

Source: Researcher, 2021

Comparison of Calculation of Vessel

Resistance

The redesigned ship model can then be

calculated using the slenderbody method,

(Pineda et al., 2010), “Hull adjustment

towards hydrostatic requirements”, e-mail:

ajcacho@tecnico.ulisboa.pt.) and

calculating resistance using the maxsurf

resistance software. At the analysis stage, it

is carried out by looking at the value of the

ship's resistance at variations in ship speed

in the form of the froude number (FN)

below:

Figure 5. Resistance Against Froude Number (FN) before Redesign

780 | Redesign of Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) Hull to Increase the Performance and to

Support Naval Operations

Source: Researcher, 2021

Figure 5 shows the comparison

between resistance and speed. The higher

the speed, the higher the resistance (SV,

1983). Resistance and Ship Propulsion.

Translation by (Sutomo, 1992).

If the ship moves at a speed of 10 knots,

the resistance value is 60.50 N. If it is

entered into the program, it will result in

running and the resistance and effective

horse power values obtained by the

Savitsky planning method are shown in the

form of a table 3 on the ship design as

below:

Table 3. Power to speed before redesign

Speed

(knot)

Volume

Savitsky

(HP)

slender

body

(HP)

0.141

0.312

0.282

0.623

0.003

0.422

0.935

0.011

0.563

1.246

0.029

0.704

1.558

0.138

0.067

0.845

1.87

0.165

0.108

0.986

2.181

0.187

0.155

1.126

2.493

0.211

0.212

1.267

2.804

0.24

0.282

1.408

3.116

0.274

0.364

Source: Researcher, 2021

Figure 6. Free Surface wave contour generated by USV Ship model before

redesign

Source: Researcher, 2021

With the redesigned model, the vessel's

resistance can be calculated using the

slenderbody method and the resistance

calculation using the maxsurf resistance

software. At the analysis stage, it is carried

out by looking at the value of the vessel's

resistance at variations in vessel speed in

the form of the froude number (FN) as

Hendri Priyono,Sovian Aritong, Mahesa Akbar | 781

follows:

Figure 7. Speed against power after redesign

Source: Researcher, 2021

The results of the running are obtained

by the value of resistance and effective

hours power with the savitsky planning

method which are displayed in the table on

the ship design as below:

Tabel 4. Power terhadap Speed Setelah di redesain

Speed

(knot)

Volume

Savitsky

(HP)

slender

body

(HP)

0.611

1.596

0.013

1.223

3.193

0.148

1.834

4.789

0.325

2.446

6.385

0.571

3.057

7.981

0.932

3.669

9.578

1.527

4.28

11.174

2.196

4.891

12.77

6.339

3.282

5.503

14.367

7.982

5.047

6.114

15.963

9.857

7.074

Sumber: diolah oleh peneliti, 2021

782 | Redesign of Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) Hull to Increase the Performance and to

Support Naval Operations

Figure 8. Free Surface wave contour generated by USV Ship model after redesign

Source: Researcher, 2021

From figure 8, it shows that the water

flow backwards is very good and the side

water flow is not too wide. Therefore, it can

be ascertained that the vessel is very fast

and the resistance is reduced.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of research

conducted by the author, the redesign of

the Dislitbangal unmanned vessel hull can

be concluded as follows:

1. The results of the hull redesign based

on computational analysis using

Maxsurf Software obtained the main

measurements are as follows:

Length (L) = 7.218 Meters

Breadth (B) = 1.676 Meters

Height (H) = 1 Meter

Draft (T) = 1.71 Meter

Service Speed = 10 Knots

Displacement = 1218 Kgs

3/The hull capacity increased from

the original displacement of only 22

Kgs to a displacement of 1218 Kgs.

2. By considering the ship resistance

parameters based on computational

analysis using Maxsurf Software and by

comparing the results of the ship

resistance, the ship's Froude Number

(FN) before the redesign is 1.408

compared to the ship after the

redesigned Froude Number of 0.611.

Therefore, it can be concluded that the

redesigned ship has a smaller

resistence.

Based on the conclusions above, the

researchers made efforts to improve the

Dislitbangal unmanned ship design by

adding the length of the ship from 1.5 m to

7,219 m, Draft (T) from 0.077 m to (T) =

0.225 m and in meeting the operational

requirements in framework for making

unmanned ships made by Dislitbangal.

Research suggestions consist of

theoretical suggestions and practical

suggestions that can be suggestions for

further research as follows:

Hendri Priyono,Sovian Aritong, Mahesa Akbar                                                                     | 783 
 
 
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© 2022 by the authors. Submitted  
for possible open access publication  
under  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  Creative 
Commons  Attribution  (CC  BY  SA)  license 
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). 
 