JRSSEM 2022, Vol. 01, No. 7, 774 784
E-ISSN: 2807 - 6311, P-ISSN: 2807 - 6494
DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v1i7.87
REDESIGN OF UNMANNED SURFACE VESSEL (USV) HULL
TO INCREASE THE PERFORMANCE AND TO SUPPORT
NAVAL OPERATIONS
Hendri Priyono
1*
Sovian Aritong
2
Mahesa Akbar
3
1,2,3
Indonesia Defense University
e-mail: priyonohendr[email protected]
1
, sonarira@yahoo.co.id
2
3
*Correspondence: priyono[email protected]
Submitted: 27 January 2022, Revised: 5 February 2022, Accepted: 16 February 2022
Abstrak. The Indonesian Navy's current unmanned vessel is the first unmanned ship made by the
Indonesian Navy's Research and Development Service. This vessel is not optimal, it is necessary to
redesign the hull using the model simulation method with the assistance of Maxsurf software. By
using this maxsurf software, it will be easier to analyze hydrodynamic performance, one of which
is the vessel's resistance. The redesign shows the results that there is a reduction in ship resistance.
By redesigning, the hull of the Indonesian Navy's unmanned vessel by using the model simulation
method with the assistance of the Maxsurf software in analyzing hydrodynamic performance, we
get the resistance value at maximum speed. Meanwhile, the power required by the ship is at
maximum speed so that the speed shows an increase in maximum ship speed, thereby fulfilling the
operational requirements and producing good maneuverability. Therefore, it can be concluded
that the ship after being redesigned can be better.
Keywords: unmanned vessel; vessel speed; resistance
Hendri Priyono,Sovian Aritong, Mahesa Akbar | 775
DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v1i7.87
INTRODUCTION
The development of technology and
science is the main part in driving for the
realization of a change. Currently, science
and technology can be said to be the
elements of progress of a human
civilization. Indonesia through the 2010-
2025 Minimum Essential Force (MEF) carry
out large-scale activities in order to
strengthen the military defense system and
national security by producing and
purchasing Defense and Security
Equipment (Alpalhankam) (Permenhan No
23 thn 2016 tentang Pembinaan Industri
Pertahanan). Indonesia is actively
developing and producing Alpalhankam as
an effort to bring independence in the
Defense Industry (Susdarwono, 2021).
Based on the MEF, the development of
the Navy's posture which includes the level
of capability (Collin, 2015); (Susilo,
Ciptomulyono, Putra, Ahmadi, & Suharyo,
2019), strength, and pattern of strength
degrees in essentially oriented to the
achievement of the tasks of the Navy in
order to support the national interest. The
limited defense budget and the rapid
changes in the strategic environment will
add to the complexity of the problems in
enforcement and security at sea, so it is
necessary to rearrange the Navy's combat
power which does not only refer to threats
at sea, the biggest marine threat at this
time is the North Natuna sea threat and the
need for security and ship operations that
can at any time carry out security at sea
(Djalante et al., 2020); (Octavian, Cahyono,
& Pranowo, 2020). However, it is also
oriented to achieve certain abilities
(Capability Based Planning). The research
and development of the Unmanned
Surface Vessel (USV) or unmanned vessel is
carried out for the first time by the
Indonesian Navy Research and
Development Service (Dislitbangal) (Dwiko
Hardianto, Wasis Dwi Aryawan ejurnal, its
engineering, ITS 2017. Developing the
Unmanned Surface Vehicle design concept
(USV) for monitoring Indonesian territorial
waters").
Dislitbangal developed this type of
Unmanned Vessel in partnership with PT
Robo Marine Indonesia which is in
Bandung. In the plan to build this ship, it
will be placed on the KRIs (warships of the
Republic of Indonesia) with the type of
ships having a length of 80 meters and
above. This is done because these ships are
usually as headquarters ships or command
ships. This unmanned ship has the task of
operating as a combat ship (combatant) or
initial attacker and as much as possible as
initial intelligence from the KRIs (Milan &
Bassiri Tabrizi, 2020); (Ernest et al., 2016)
therefore it is necessary to build a ship that
is adjusted to a larger size and can load
Remote Control Weapon System (RCWS)
weapons 7.62 mm caliber, good propulsion
system, and good sensor, weapon, and
command equipment and electronic
equipment (Sewaco) as well.
Based on the above, for the
manufacture of unmanned vessels in the
future in accordance with the demands of
operational requirements (Opsreq) at full
load conditions capable of loading even
greater loads. Thus, it is necessary to
redesign the shape of the Dislitbangal
unmanned vessel hull using the modeling
method of hull design with software for
simulation ship resistance (Bahatmaka,
776 | Redesign of Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) Hull to Increase the Performance and to
Support Naval Operations
Hadi, & Mulyatno, 2014).
Redesign hull are expected to reduce
drag and increase the load on the vessel so
that the performance of the vessel can
increase.
METHODS
The method used in this research is the
method of experimentation and simulation.
The hull redesign of the Dislitbangal
unmanned ship uses drag analysis and ship
stability calculations. The desired results
from the simulation of resistance analysis
and calculation of ship stability in modeling
the shape of the hull are in the form of
resistance values to determine the
maximum load of the ship, the optimal
speed of the ship, and the stability of the
ship.
Analysis of Ship Design DataWith
Numerical Approach
One of the design stages that is quite
important is the analysis stage, where the
research analyzes the design of the ship's
hull for variations in speed (Yousefi,
Shafaghat, & Shakeri, 2013), optimization
of hull shape, hull constraints on unmanned
vessels made by Dislitbangal. The reference
for the analysis needs used is (Report of
Unmanned Vessel of PT Robo Marine
Indonesia (2019) Dislitbangal):
a. General Specification
1. Length : 1.5 meters
2. Width : 0.8 meters
3. Weight : 64 kgs
4. Speed : 4.7 knots
5. Propulsion : Dual electric
6. Engine : Electric motor 2 x 1
Hp
7. Power : Battery operated
8. Payload Weight: 10 kgs
9. Communication real time range up
to 1 km
10. Self righting mechanism
b. Payload
1. Axis video camera gimbal
2. Video transmitter module
3. Inertial measurement Unit (IMU)
4. GNSS positioning system
5. Wireless data communication
The data is used to analyze lines plan
data, general arrangement drawings,
hydrostatic calculations, resistance values,
power values, and stability of the
redesigned vessel (Evans, 1959)
Data Analysis Using Software
The research method used is numerical.
model simulation ship design software
through Maxsurf modeling. Then the
analysis uses numerical calculations to
determine the resistance, movement and
stability
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Vessel Model Design
After obtaining the main size of the
ship, the next work is model design, model
design in shipping technology starts from
line planning, general planning and the last
is machinery and system planning, (Tsou &
Hsueh, 2010) in this study only carried out
at the line planning stage or linesplan. The
3-D hull form modeling was carried out
using the Maxsurf Modeler Advanced 20
Hendri Priyono,Sovian Aritong, Mahesa Akbar | 777
V8i Bentley software and all comparison
objects were studied by using software
from the Formation Design System Suite,
sach as maxsurf resistance, maxsurf
stability, and maxsurf motion.
Linesplan Planning
Vessel Linesplan Before Redesign
The dimensions of the main vessel size
properties (Abe et al., 2012), which are the
fixed parameters according to the technical
specifications of the Dislitbangal
unmanned vessels made in 2020, are as
follows:
Figure 1. Ship Linesplan before Redesign
Source: Dislitbangal, 2020
Figure 1 is the image of the linesplan of
the Dislitbangal unmanned vessel and has
several characteristics as shown in the
following table:
Table 1. Ship Characteristics before Redesign
Unit
Value
Displacement
0.022
ton
Volume
(displaced)
21466487
mm
3
Draft
Amidships
77
mm
WL Length
1361.3
mm
Prismatic
coeff. (Cp)
0.711
Block coeff.
(Cb)
0.367
LCB length
522.8
from zero
pt.
LCF length
528.7
from zero
778 | Redesign of Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) Hull to Increase the Performance and to
Support Naval Operations
pt.
LCB %
38.403
from zero
pt.
LCF %
38.839
from zero
pt.
Vessel linesplan Afterredesign
After doing this research, the linesplan
design uses formdata measurements in its
design technique, by making changes to
the length of the ship (WL = 7,219 m),
vessel draft (T) = 0.225 m, then the new
linesplan form is as follows and gets
changes from the vessel's characteristics.
From the results of design
modifications in this study, the linesplan
design uses formdata measurements on
the main size to make a line plan drawing
on the redesigned vessel as follows:
Figure 2. Linesplan after redesign
Source: Researcher, 2021
Table 2. Ship Characteristics after Redesign
Unit
Value
Displacement
1.217
Ton
Volume
(displaced)
1187745261
mm^3
Draft
Amidships
225
Mm
WL Length
7218.8
Mm
Prismatic
coeff. (Cp)
0.726
Block coeff.
(Cb)
0.35
LCB length
2744.6
from zero pt.
LCF length
2821.3
from zero pt.
LCB %
38.02
from zero pt.
LCF %
39.082
from zero pt.
Source: Researcher, 2021
Comparison of Vessel Hydrostatic
Calculations
To illustrate hydrostatic curves is to
make two axes perpendicular to each other
where the horizontal axis is the bottom line
of the ship while the vertical line shows the
Hendri Priyono,Sovian Aritong, Mahesa Akbar | 779
draft of each water line which is used as the
starting point for measuring the hydrostatic
curve. Tables and graphs of the results of
hydrostatic curve analysis using maxsurf
stability software are as follows:
Figure 3. Ship Hydrostatic Curve before Redesign
Source: Researcher, 2021
Figure 4. Ship Hydrostatic Curve before Redesign
Source: Researcher, 2021
Comparison of Calculation of Vessel
Resistance
The redesigned ship model can then be
calculated using the slenderbody method,
(Pineda et al., 2010), Hull adjustment
towards hydrostatic requirements”, e-mail:
ajcacho@tecnico.ulisboa.pt.) and
calculating resistance using the maxsurf
resistance software. At the analysis stage, it
is carried out by looking at the value of the
ship's resistance at variations in ship speed
in the form of the froude number (FN)
below:
Figure 5. Resistance Against Froude Number (FN) before Redesign
780 | Redesign of Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) Hull to Increase the Performance and to
Support Naval Operations
Source: Researcher, 2021
Figure 5 shows the comparison
between resistance and speed. The higher
the speed, the higher the resistance (SV,
1983). Resistance and Ship Propulsion.
Translation by (Sutomo, 1992).
If the ship moves at a speed of 10 knots,
the resistance value is 60.50 N. If it is
entered into the program, it will result in
running and the resistance and effective
horse power values obtained by the
Savitsky planning method are shown in the
form of a table 3 on the ship design as
below:
Table 3. Power to speed before redesign
Fn
Volume
FN
Savitsky
(HP)
slender
body
(HP)
0
0
--
--
0.141
0.312
--
0
0.282
0.623
--
0.003
0.422
0.935
--
0.011
0.563
1.246
--
0.029
0.704
1.558
0.138
0.067
0.845
1.87
0.165
0.108
0.986
2.181
0.187
0.155
1.126
2.493
0.211
0.212
1.267
2.804
0.24
0.282
1.408
3.116
0.274
0.364
Source: Researcher, 2021
Figure 6. Free Surface wave contour generated by USV Ship model before
redesign
Source: Researcher, 2021
With the redesigned model, the vessel's
resistance can be calculated using the
slenderbody method and the resistance
calculation using the maxsurf resistance
software. At the analysis stage, it is carried
out by looking at the value of the vessel's
resistance at variations in vessel speed in
the form of the froude number (FN) as
Hendri Priyono,Sovian Aritong, Mahesa Akbar | 781
follows:
Figure 7. Speed against power after redesign
Source: Researcher, 2021
The results of the running are obtained
by the value of resistance and effective
hours power with the savitsky planning
method which are displayed in the table on
the ship design as below:
Tabel 4. Power terhadap Speed Setelah di redesain
Fn
Volume
FN
Savitsky
(HP)
slender
body
(HP)
0
0
--
--
0.611
1.596
--
0.013
1.223
3.193
--
0.148
1.834
4.789
--
0.325
2.446
6.385
--
0.571
3.057
7.981
--
0.932
3.669
9.578
--
1.527
4.28
11.174
--
2.196
4.891
12.77
6.339
3.282
5.503
14.367
7.982
5.047
6.114
15.963
9.857
7.074
Sumber: diolah oleh peneliti, 2021
782 | Redesign of Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) Hull to Increase the Performance and to
Support Naval Operations
Figure 8. Free Surface wave contour generated by USV Ship model after redesign
Source: Researcher, 2021
From figure 8, it shows that the water
flow backwards is very good and the side
water flow is not too wide. Therefore, it can
be ascertained that the vessel is very fast
and the resistance is reduced.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of research
conducted by the author, the redesign of
the Dislitbangal unmanned vessel hull can
be concluded as follows:
1. The results of the hull redesign based
on computational analysis using
Maxsurf Software obtained the main
measurements are as follows:
Length (L) = 7.218 Meters
Breadth (B) = 1.676 Meters
Height (H) = 1 Meter
Draft (T) = 1.71 Meter
Service Speed = 10 Knots
Displacement = 1218 Kgs
3/The hull capacity increased from
the original displacement of only 22
Kgs to a displacement of 1218 Kgs.
2. By considering the ship resistance
parameters based on computational
analysis using Maxsurf Software and by
comparing the results of the ship
resistance, the ship's Froude Number
(FN) before the redesign is 1.408
compared to the ship after the
redesigned Froude Number of 0.611.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the
redesigned ship has a smaller
resistence.
Based on the conclusions above, the
researchers made efforts to improve the
Dislitbangal unmanned ship design by
adding the length of the ship from 1.5 m to
7,219 m, Draft (T) from 0.077 m to (T) =
0.225 m and in meeting the operational
requirements in framework for making
unmanned ships made by Dislitbangal.
Research suggestions consist of
theoretical suggestions and practical
suggestions that can be suggestions for
further research as follows:
Hendri Priyono,Sovian Aritong, Mahesa Akbar | 783
REFERENCES
Abe, Satoshi, Tsujimoto, Masahiko, Yoneda,
Ko, Ohba, Masaaki, Hikage, Tatsuo,
Takano, Mikio, Kitagawa, Susumu, &
Ueno, Takafumi. (2012). Porous protein
crystals as reaction vessels for
controlling magnetic properties of
nanoparticles. Small, 8(9), 1314–
1319. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201
101866
Bahatmaka, Aldias, Hadi, Eko Sasmito, &
Mulyatno, Imam Pujo. (2014). Studi
Perancangan Lambung Small
Waterplane Area Twin Hull (Swath)
Kapal Protector Dengan Sistem
Unmanned Surface Vehicle (Usv) Untuk
Perairan Ambalat. Jurnal Teknik
Perkapalan, 2(1).
Collin, Koh Swee Lean. (2015). What next for
the Indonesian navy? Challenges and
prospects for attaining the minimum
essential force by 2024. Contemporary
Southeast Asia, 432–462.
Djalante, Riyanti, Lassa, Jonatan,
Setiamarga, Davin, Sudjatma,
Aruminingsih, Indrawan, Mochamad,
Haryanto, Budi, Mahfud, Choirul,
Sinapoy, Muhammad Sabaruddin,
Djalante, Susanti, & Rafliana, Irina.
(2020). Review and analysis of current
responses to COVID-19 in Indonesia:
Period of January to March 2020.
Progress in Disaster Science, 6, 100091.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.1
00091
Ernest, Nicholas, Carroll, David,
Schumacher, Corey, Clark, Matthew,
Cohen, Kelly, & Lee, Gene. (2016).
Genetic fuzzy based artificial
intelligence for unmanned combat
aerial vehicle control in simulated air
combat missions. Journal of Defense
Management, 6(1), 374–2167.
Evans, J. Harvey. (1959). Basic design
concepts. Journal of the American
Society for Naval Engineers, 71(4), 671
678.
Milan, Francesco F., & Bassiri Tabrizi,
Aniseh. (2020). Armed, unmanned, and
in high demand: the drivers behind
combat drones proliferation in the
Middle East. Small Wars & Insurgencies,
3(4), 730750.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.202
0.1743488
Octavian, Amarulla, Cahyono, Priyo, &
Pranowo, Widodo Setiyo. (2020). The
Influence Of Indonesian Navy
Diplomacy Through Naval Presence On
The Effectiveness Of Maritime
Operations In The North Natuna Sea.
Journal Asro, 11(04), 54–60.
https://doi.org/10.37875/asro.v11i04.3
67
Pineda, Juan A., Caruz, Antonio, Rivero,
Antonio, Neukam, Karin, Salas, Irene,
Camacho, Angela, José C, Palomares,
Mira, José A., Martínez, Antonio, &
Roldán, Carmen. (2010). Prediction of
response to pegylated interferon plus
ribavirin by IL28B gene variation in
patients coinfected with HIV and
hepatitis C virus. Clinical Infectious
Diseases, 51(7), 788795.
https://doi.org/10.1086/656235
Susdarwono, Endro Tri. (2021). Increasing
Return: Supply Chain Economic in the
Development of Indonesia’Defense
Industry Independence. ENTITA: Jurnal
Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Dan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 3(1), 19–36.
https://doi.org/10.19105/ejpis.v3i1.386
3
784 | Redesign of Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) Hull to Increase the Performance and to
Support Naval Operations
Susilo, April Kukuh, Ciptomulyono,
Udisubakti, Putra, I. Nengah, Ahmadi,
A., & Suharyo, Okol Sri. (2019). Navy
Ability Development Strategy using
SWOT Analysis-Interpretative Structural
Modeling (ISM). Strategic Management-
International Journal of Strategic
Management and Decision Support
Systems in Strategic Management, 2(1).
Sutomo, Jusuf. (1992). Tahanan dan
Propulsi Kapal. Airlangga University
Press, Surabaya.
SV, A. A. (1983). Harvald. Resistance and
Propulsion of Ships. Denmark: John
Weiley & Sons.
Tsou, Ming Cheng, & Hsueh, Chao Kuang.
(2010). The study of ship collision
avoidance route planning by ant colony
algorithm. Journal of Marine Science
and Technology, 18(5), 16.
Yousefi, Reza, Shafaghat, Rouzbeh, &
Shakeri, Mostafa. (2013). Hydrodynamic
analysis techniques for high-speed
planing hulls. Applied Ocean Research,
4(2), 105–113.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2013.05.
004
© 2022 by the authors. Submitted
for possible open access publication
under the terms and conditions of the Creative
Commons Attribution (CC BY SA) license
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).