Community Legal Awareness in Waste Management in Cirebon City

: Waste management is still an important challenge in urban areas, including Cirebon City, Indonesia, because of its significant environmental and social impacts. This study explores community legal awareness regarding waste management practices in Cirebon, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach and community participation. Through qualitative research involving interviews and participant observation with 50 stakeholders, including community leaders, environmental NGOs, sanitation workers, and residents, this research identifies the main factors influencing legal awareness and proposes strategies to increase community involvement. Findings show a gap between knowledge and action, highlighting infrastructure deficiencies and low community participation. These recommendations emphasize the need for improved policy frameworks, improved infrastructure, targeted education, and collaborative governance to encourage sustainable waste management and environmental health in Cirebon. The research results show that low legal awareness among the people of Cirebon City affects the effectiveness of waste management, with main problems such as a lack of active participation in waste management programs and a low understanding of the legal consequences of irresponsible behavior in waste management.


INTRODUCTION
Waste is the result of human activity in solid form and is quite widely spread in big cities, including Cirebon City (Kausan et al., 2019) .If not managed properly, waste can become a source of serious problems that endanger people's welfare (Ferilanda et al., 2023) .According to Supardji (2023) , waste that is not handled properly can cause blockage of airways, which can ultimately result in flooding, create an unhealthy environment, and damage the aesthetics of the city.Moreover, this waste problem can affect the social conditions of an area, identifying it as an area that is not well maintained (Sianipar, 2022) .
The importance of proper waste management is recognized in Law Number 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management, which emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach from the beginning to the end of the waste management process (Kusuma & Wibawani, 2024;Okhtafianny & Ariani, 2023) .This includes reducing waste and handling it by considering the shared responsibility of all parties, not just the government (Addahlawi et al., 2019;Farid et al., 2023;Firdaus & Kalinga, 2021;Setiadi et al., 2019) .In Cirebon City, the waste management Achmad Tristianoka, Muhamad Ikbal, Yuda Rizki Mahesa, Dudung Hidayat, Diky Dikrurahman |2 system which still relies on the collect-transport-dispose pattern has involved low community involvement in waste management efforts (Prihatin, 2020) .In this context, the implementation of the waste service levy system seems to make people dependent on the government without needing to actively participate in waste management (Lestari, 2016) .Insufficient socialization and lack of motivation to implement strong environmental values, make people less appreciative of the importance of maintaining environmental cleanliness, including responsible waste disposal (Fortuna et al., 2023;Ngosiem et al., 2024;Nuzulia et al. ., 2024;Nuzulia et al., 2024;Prihatin, 2020 ; However, active community participation in waste management is very important considering that the volume of waste continues to increase every day, while government resources to use advanced waste management technology are limited.(Ahmad & Lukman Arif, 2023;Ginting & Haryati, 2012;Irza et al., 2024 ; Public legal awareness in waste management in Cirebon City is important considering the condition of waste management which still faces many challenges in the city (Akib et al., 2021;Intiasari et al., 2015;Oktaviani, 2024;Puspitasari, 2016;Suryani, 2015) .A number of relevant studies highlight various aspects related to public awareness and behavior regarding waste management.For example, research by Has, (2021); Faried, (2020) ; Warring winds, (2022) ; Subekti, (2021) ;Rozak, (2021) , found that people's feelings of social identity can be influenced by slum environmental conditions due to waste and rubbish not being managed properly.
On the other hand, research conducted by UNDP emphasizes the impact of inadequate waste management, such as blockage of airways which results in flooding and creates unhealthy environmental conditions.This research shows the urgency to increase legal awareness and community involvement in waste management in order to reduce environmental and social risks posed by ineffective waste management patterns.
The novelty of this research lies in its specific focus on community legal awareness in the context of waste management in Cirebon City.The main objective of this research is to identify factors that influence public legal awareness regarding waste management, as well as to explore effective strategies in increasing public awareness and participation in sustainable waste management efforts.
It is hoped that the benefits of this research will provide more insight to the government and related stakeholders to develop policies and programs that are more effective in increasing public legal awareness.In this way, the people of Cirebon City can be more actively involved in waste management, reducing negative environmental impacts, and promoting a healthy and sustainable environment for the entire community.
The implications of this research can include recommendations for developing better policies, a more intensive approach to socializing the importance of law in waste management, as well as strengthening cooperation between the government, the private sector and the community in an effort to create a clean and healthy environment in Cirebon City.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This research uses a qualitative approach with case studies to understand the community's legal awareness in waste management in Cirebon City.
The population of this research is the people of Cirebon City who are involved in waste management.Sampling was carried out by purposive sampling of 50 respondents consisting of community leaders, members of environmental NGOs, cleaners and general citizens.
3| Marketing Mix Analysis In Increasing Furniture MSMEs Sales Volume In Cirebon District Data was collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation.An interview guide was used to explore perceptions about legal awareness in waste management, challenges faced, and proposed solutions.
Qualitative data was analyzed using a thematic approach, through a process of transcription, coding, identifying themes, and interpreting results.Based on table 1, it provides a more complete representation of the profile of the respondents involved in the research, covering various backgrounds and experiences in waste management in Cirebon City.Respondents consisted of community leaders, members of environmental NGOs, cleaners, general citizens, school teachers, students, entrepreneurs, environmental activists, sub-district heads, traders, housewives, religious leaders, junior high school students, agricultural instructors and doctors.The data includes information about age, highest level of education, and experience in waste management, which provides a comprehensive picture of the characteristics of respondents in the context of waste management in the city.This research method is expected to provide an in-depth understanding of the community's legal awareness in waste management in Cirebon City, with the aim of providing relevant recommendations to increase participation and legal awareness in maintaining environmental cleanliness.

Respondent Profile
The respondent profile table shows the various types of respondents involved in the research, including community leaders, members of environmental NGOs, cleaners, as well as general citizens.Data includes age , highest level of education, and experience in waste management, providing a comprehensive picture of the characteristics of respondents in the context of waste management in Cirebon City.

a. Type of Respondent
The research involved various groups, including community leaders, members of environmental NGOs, cleaning workers, and general citizens.Community leaders represent authoritative figures in the community, members of environmental NGOs are environmental advocates, janitors are directly responsible for handling waste, and general citizens represent participation from various levels of society.b.Age in age, covering a wide range to reflect the perspectives of multiple generations.For example, community leaders and members of environmental NGOs may be older, Based on table 2, there is social and demographic diversity of respondents involved in the research.Through this analysis of respondent profiles, research can provide a deeper understanding of how legal awareness in waste management can vary based on the social background, age , education and work experience of each respondent.

Community Legal Awareness
In-depth analysis in this research reveals the level of public legal awareness regarding waste management in Cirebon City.This finding not only measures the extent to which the public understands existing regulations regarding waste management, but also includes their knowledge of the legal consequences related to environmental pollution and their willingness to comply with applicable regulations.
The data shows that the majority of respondents, including community leaders, members of environmental NGOs, cleaners and general citizens, have a capable understanding of the waste management regulations and policies that apply in Cirebon City.For example, many of them know that littering can result in fines or other legal sanctions.Additionally, members of environmental NGOs and community leaders demonstrate a deeper understanding of the environmental impacts of inappropriate waste management behavior.
However, although there is quite good understanding, research also finds a gap between knowledge and action in daily practice.Some respondents admitted that although they are aware of the applicable regulations, factors such as people's habits that are difficult to change, lack of adequate waste management infrastructure, and lack of supervision can hinder their willingness to comply with the regulations.
Public legal awareness of waste management in Cirebon City shows a strong foundation for positive changes in environmental cleanliness.However, to improve the implementation of regulations and reduce the negative impacts of environmental pollution, further efforts are needed to improve education, outreach and better waste management infrastructure.Active collaboration between the government, NGOs and the community is 5| Marketing Mix Analysis In Increasing Furniture MSMEs Sales Volume In Cirebon District very important to achieve the common goal of maintaining environmental cleanliness and improving the quality of life in Cirebon City.

Challenges in Waste Management
This research identified a number of significant challenges in waste management in Cirebon City, which affect the overall effectiveness of waste management efforts.These challenges include: a. Lack of Adequate Infrastructure One of the main problems faced is the lack of adequate infrastructure for waste collection, transportation and processing.Many areas in Cirebon City are still not equipped with modern and efficient waste management facilities.

b. Low Community Participation
Active community participation in waste management programs is still relatively low.Even though there is awareness of the importance of maintaining a clean environment, there are still many residents who are less active in throwing away rubbish, recycling, or following applicable waste management regulations.

c. Lack of Coordination Between Related Parties
Ineffective coordination between local governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the private sector, and the community are serious obstacles in implementing waste management policies.This lack of coordination can lead to overlapping programs, lack of supervision, and uneven distribution of information to the public.
Data shows that this condition affects the overall environmental quality of Cirebon City, which has the potential to increase the risk of environmental pollution and public health if not immediately addressed.Efforts to overcome this challenge require close collaboration between government, NGOs, the private sector and the community to improve infrastructure, increase public awareness and participation, and improve coordination in overall waste management in Cirebon City.

Role of Government and NGOs
The role of government and NGOs in increasing legal awareness and effectiveness of waste management.Evaluation of existing policies, the role of NGOs in educating and involving the community, as well as collaborative efforts between the government and NGOs in improving waste management in the city .
The Cirebon City Government has the main responsibility for establishing policies and regulations that support sustainable waste management.Evaluation of the implementation of existing policies needs to be carried out periodically to ensure effectiveness and relevance in dealing with changing social and environmental conditions.
NGOs have an important role as agents of change in making people aware of the importance of good waste management.Through an educational approach, NGOs can increase public understanding about environmental pollution and invite them to actively participate in waste management programs.Apart from that, NGOs can also act as strategic partners for the government in designing and implementing sustainable environmental programs.
Collaborative efforts between the government and NGOs are key in improving waste management in Cirebon City.Close cooperation between the two parties can strengthen policy implementation, increase public access to relevant information, and encourage the implementation of environmentally friendly and sustainable waste management practices.
Achmad Tristianoka, Muhamad Ikbal, Yuda Rizki Mahesa, Dudung Hidayat, Diky Dikrurahman |6 It is hoped that the active and collaborative role between the government and NGOs can create a cleaner, healthier and more sustainable environment in Cirebon City, as well as increasing public legal awareness of the importance of maintaining environmental cleanliness through good waste management.

Discussion Significance of Findings
Discussion of the importance of legal awareness in waste management as the key to creating a clean and healthy environment.The implications of a low level of legal awareness on environmental conditions and public health.
A study by Ahmad (2024) illustrates that low legal awareness in waste management can cause increased environmental pollution and contribute to public health problems such as respiratory diseases and gastrointestinal infections.This research notes that people who do not comply with waste management regulations tend to face a higher risk of negative environmental impacts.
According to Huriani (2021) , in rapidly urbanizing areas such as Cirebon City, increased legal awareness of waste management can play an important role in maintaining livable environmental quality.They emphasize that increasing understanding of the legal consequences of irresponsible behavior in waste management can change people's behavior towards more environmentally responsible practices.
Thus, the findings from this research not only highlight the urgency to increase legal awareness in Cirebon City but also provide a strong empirical basis to support policy changes and community education strategies that are more effective in increasing compliance with waste management regulations.This is expected to have a significant positive impact on environmental cleanliness and overall public health in Cirebon City and its surroundings.

Relevance to the Cirebon City Context
Discussion of the relevance of these findings to the social, economic and cultural conditions of the people of Cirebon City is very important to understand how the implementation of waste management policies and strategies can be successful in a specific local context.Emphasis on the need for approaches appropriate to the local context to increase legal awareness and participation in waste management is the main focus of this discussion.
Cirebon City, with its unique social and economic dynamics, faces challenges in waste management that are not only technical but also involve cultural aspects and community behavior.Research by Andhika (2023) shows that the local culture and traditions of the people of Cirebon City have a significant influence on the way they view and treat the environment, including waste management.This shows that an approach that considers local values and community traditions can be more effective in encouraging behavioral changes towards more sustainable waste management practices.
Economically, the growth and economic structure of Cirebon City also plays an important role in waste management.The involvement of the private sector and local industry in waste management programs can be a determining factor in the success of policy implementation.A study by Mahasin (2021) highlights that partnerships between the government, private sector and NGOs in waste management can create sustainable and effective solutions for the people of Cirebon City.
In order to achieve success in increasing legal awareness and community participation in waste management in Cirebon City, a holistic and integrated approach is needed.This approach must consider social, economic and cultural aspects comprehensively to ensure that there are no effective and sustainable waste management efforts in Cirebon City.
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Recommendations for Improvement
The discussion of practical recommendations for increasing public legal awareness in waste management in Cirebon City highlights the key steps that need to be taken to achieve this goal.These recommendations include strengthening policies, improving infrastructure, improving education and outreach, as well as better collaboration between government, NGOs and communities.a. Policy Strengthening The Cirebon City Government needs to carry out an in-depth evaluation of existing waste management policies.Revision and refinement of policies that are more responsive to local conditions and based on evidence can increase the effectiveness of waste management.Concrete steps such as consistent law enforcement against waste management violations also need to be strengthened to increase public compliance.b.Infrastructure Improvement Investment in modern and efficient waste management infrastructure is urgently needed.Construction and expansion of final landfills (TPA) that comply with environmental standards, provision of adequate waste transport fleets, and recycling facilities that are easily accessible to the public can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of waste management.

c. Improved Education and Socialization
Intensive education and outreach programs need to be encouraged to increase public understanding of the importance of good waste management.NGOs can play an active role in educating the public about the legal consequences of irresponsible behavior in managing waste.Creative and sustainable community campaigns can also increase community awareness and participation in waste management programs.

d. Better Collaboration
Close cooperation between the government, NGOs, the private sector and the community is the key to success in overcoming waste management problems.Regular dialogue forums between various related parties can facilitate information exchange, program coordination, and joint planning in facing threats to waste management in Cirebon City.
By implementing these recommendations in a holistic and coordinated manner, it is hoped that significant positive changes can be created in increasing legal awareness and implementing sustainable waste management in Cirebon City.These steps will not only provide short-term benefits in improving environmental conditions, but will also make a positive contribution to improving the quality of life of society as a whole.

Wider Implications
Discussion of the broader implementation of these findings brings us to an understanding of the potential for adaptation in other contexts in Indonesia or even at the international level.These findings provide appreciation for the importance of legal awareness in achieving sustainable development and better environmental protection.
At the national level, these findings can serve as a basis for central and regional governments throughout Indonesia to strengthen existing waste management regulations, as well as to improve more effective education and outreach approaches.Other countries facing similar challenges in waste management can also adopt the approaches found in this research, adapting them to their respective local contexts.
Internationally, awareness of waste law in management has also become an integral part of global efforts to achieve sustainable development goals, especially in terms of maintaining Achmad Tristianoka, Muhamad Ikbal, Yuda Rizki Mahesa, Dudung Hidayat, Diky Dikrurahman |8 environmental cleanliness and reducing negative impacts on ecosystems.International organizations and global environmental forums can use these findings as a basis for pushing for stricter policies and sustainable waste management programs around the world.Thus, it is hoped that these findings are not only relevant to the local context in Cirebon City, but also have the potential to make a significant contribution to global efforts to increase legal awareness and carry out sustainable waste management, towards better and more sustainable development for everyone .parties in this world

CONCLUSION
This research investigates the level of public legal awareness in waste management in Cirebon City, with the aim of exploring the factors that influence and the impact of this low legal awareness.Through quantitative and qualitative approaches, this research collects data from various types of respondents such as community leaders, environmental NGO members, cleaners, and general citizens.The research results show that low legal awareness among the people of Cirebon City affects the effectiveness of waste management, with main problems such as a lack of active participation in waste management programs and a low understanding of the legal consequences of irresponsible behavior in waste management.The implication of these findings is the importance of increasing public education and socialization about waste management regulations as well as strengthening collaboration between government, NGOs and the private sector.Practical recommendations include strengthening policies that are more responsive to local conditions, improving waste management infrastructure, intensive education campaigns, and increasing cross-sector collaboration.The broader implications of these findings highlight the potential for adapting approaches found in other contexts in Indonesia as well as their relevance in global efforts to achieve sustainable development.

Table 1 . Respondent Profile NO Type of Respondent Age Last education Experience in Waste Management
Achmad Tristianoka, Muhamad Ikbal, Yuda Rizki Mahesa, Dudung Hidayat, Diky Dikrurahman |4 aged over 40, while students or junior high school students may be younger, aged under 25.c.Last education Respondents have a variety of educational backgrounds, ranging from formal education such as elementary school, middle school, high school, to tertiary education (S1, S2), as well as non-formal education such as environmental cleanliness training or related certification.d.Experience in Waste Management Data records respondents' work experience or involvement in waste management.For example, janitors may have longer experience in field work, while community leaders or members of environmental NGOs may have experience in advocacy or environmental project management.