JRSSEM 2023, Vol. 02, No. 6, 1094 – 1107

E-ISSN: 2807 - 6311, P-ISSN: 2807 - 6494

DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v2i06.367 https://jrssem.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/jrssem/index

ANALYSIS OF CROSS-BORDER CASH-CARRYING (CBCC)

THREAT COUNTERMEASURES FROM A CUSTOMS AND

STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE PERSPECTIVE

Abstract: This research departs from the problem of potential losses in Indonesia stemming from

the actions of Cross Border Cash Carrying (CBCC). In 2018 it was estimated that there were 12

trillion rupiah suspected of entering Indonesia unreported and suspected to be a criminal practice

of money laundering (TPPU) and financing of terrorism activities. To that end, this article aims to

trafficking and terrorism financing. Therefore, this CBCC threat cannot be underestimated and must

get an appropriate approach to overcome it. From a customs and strategic intelligence standpoint,

surveillance of CBCC practices requires a wealth of data from multiple points of view to provide

comprehensive mapping of the problem. In addition, appropriate intelligence data exchange media

is needed so as to enable every surveillance agency, especially the DGCA, to have easy access to

any data needed for surveillance and enforcement. In addition, regulatory improvements and

strengthening the legal foundation continue to be pursued to support the effectiveness of

enforcement in the field.

Keywords: Cross Border Cash Carrying; Intelijen Strategic; Customs; Money Loundering.

known as Cross Border Cash Carrying

(CBCC) or some call it cash smuggling is

one of the major threats that must always

be watched out for in border surveillance

activities. Like the threat of transnational

organized crime (TNOC) such as narcotics,

and smuggling of dangerous goods and

people, CBCC also has a great impact on

national resilience because CBCC's activities

are said to be related to money laundering

(TPPU) and terrorism financing (Farisa,

2022).

The threat of CBCC is certainly very

large, in addition to its relation to TPPU

activities and terrorism, this CBCC is also

very risky to harm state finances because of

the large amount of money circulating

through this illicit activity. The Center for

Financial Transaction Reporting and

Analysis (PPATK), provides estimates of

without being reported. Furthermore, the

Head of PPATK Ivan Yustiavandana (2012)

also mentioned that there were indications

of CBCC practices because a CBCC case was

found by someone who reported carrying

cash 4 times but based on Passenger Risk

154 times (KumparanBisnis, 2022).

CBCC's activities are brought to the

attention of relevant institutions and bodies

in Indonesia by making various efforts to

narrow the space for CBCC actors. This is

certainly very important because of its

huge impact on Indonesia. As previously

stated, CBCC can be part of TPPU and

terrorism activities, so CBCC can be part of

organized crime such as the crime of

CBCC threats more effectively and

efficiently along with efforts to narrow the

space for CBCC actors in terms of

regulatory change & strengthening.

THEORETICAL REVIEW

Cross Border Cash Carrying (CBCC)

Based on the Regulation of the

Minister of Finance (PMK) of the Republic

of Indonesia Number 100 / PMK.04 / 2018

Cross Border Cash Carrying (CBCC) or

traffic of carrying foreign banknotes into

and out of the Indonesian customs area

(Ministry of Finance, 2018).

Meanwhile, the NRA Indonesia report

(2015) it is stated that cross-border carrying

Customs And Strategic Intelligence Perspective

of money has an upper limit on the amount

allowed to be carried. However, even

carried does not reach the maximum limit

that must be reported coupled with the

possibility of entry of terrorist members

without going through official channels.

Money Laundering Act (TPPU)

According to the Law of the Republic

of Indonesia Number 8 of 2010 concerning

the Prevention and Eradication of Money

Laundering Crimes, money laundering

crimes are defined as any act that meets the

perpetrator of this criminal act is any Person

form, exchanges for currency or securities

or other acts of Wealth that he knows or

reasonably suspects is the result of a

criminal act with the aim of concealing or

disguising the origin of the Wealth. (Berutu,

2019)

Strategic Intelligence

Citing McDowell's (2009) statement

that strategic intelligence analysis can be

considered a special form of research that

argue that strategic intelligence and its

analytical practices focus on the ability to

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This research is qualitative descriptive

research by analyzing the phenomenon of

Cross Border Cash Carrying (CBCC) threats

to the resilience of the Indonesian state.

The data collection technique used is a

literature study method or documentation

study sourced from scientific review

Finance. The analysis carried out is a

related to the observed problem.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The Threat of Cross-Border Cash Carrying

(CBCC) on the Indonesian Border

As previously stated, Cross Border Cash

Carrying (CBCC) or cash smuggling

activities are called by Home Minister Tito

Karnavian as a big threat because it can be

disguise special transactions for the

purpose of evading certain fees or levies

from a country.

First, CBCC as an effort to launder

money from illicit activities (such as

narcotics) is considered the main threat

that can harm Indonesia's economy and

national security. CBCC or cash smuggling

violation activities have long been referred

to as rationing efforts that are strongly

dollars in revenue annually. The money

generated is known to be transferred by the

CBCC method. The perpetrators of

narcotics trafficking and CBCC are also

inseparable from groups involved in a wide

and diverse criminal activity as their main

business practice. Their crimes are

indicated across territories that cover more

than one national and economic border.

The numbers are no joke, in the case of

Interestingly, rather than structuring and

injecting their funds into the financial

system of the United States, this group

prefers to clean up their money in Mexico

and other countries. This is because the U.S.

has stepped up surveillance since the first

able to launder their money in other

countries. (Almanzar, 2013)

Based on a report by the US National

Drug Intelligence Center, it is estimated that

criminals or TNOC perpetrators of these

narcotics smuggle $18 billion to $39 billion

a year in large amounts of cash across the

border in the Southwest region. The impact

is that whenever large remittances,

stemming from criminal activity cross

efforts of the criminals who generated the

funds.(Almanzar, 2013)

So it can be said that CBCC or the

indication of cash smuggling, which is

estimated at trillions of rupiah entering

Indonesian territory, cannot be simply

released from other dangers such as

narcotics trafficking. This indication is

getting stronger because the activity of

circulating or buying and selling narcotics is

Second, CBCC is a media perpetrator of

TNOC in financing crimes such as terrorism.

Based on The Minister of Home Affairs Tito

Karnavian, CBCC can be indicated as an

effort made by criminals to fund acts of

terrorism in Indonesia. This statement

Customs And Strategic Intelligence Perspective

certainly has strong reasons, one of which

is based on the National Risk Assessment

funding something that has a large cost has

disadvantages in terms of limited amounts

of money that can be moved, relatively

large costs, and a relatively long transfer

time, the CBCC for terrorism financing has

the advantage of being difficult to trace the

flow of funds both the origin of funds and

the purpose of the flow of funds.

It is because of the difficulty of tracing

the origin of these funds that perpetrators

flow of money for the financing of terrorism

carrying within the country and across

national borders with a certain face value.

For cross-border carrying of money,

although there is a provision for the

maximum value of money that must be

reported to border officers through the

cross border cash-carrying (CBCC) report,

in practice there is still a gap where the

carrying of cash involves different people

and the value carried does not reach the

cash or similar instruments (cash

smuggling) both within Indonesia and

similar instruments that are suspected to be

related to the financing of terrorism, money

laundering or other criminal acts or that are

reported incorrectly. Furthermore, the NRA

(2015) also mentioned that one of the real

examples of CBCC's connection to terrorism

occurred in 2008, when a non-Indonesian

national was arrested for carrying cash

many times where once in Indonesia

carrying cash with a value of at least 30,000

financing suicide bombings at JW Mariot

Third, CBCC is an effort by perpetrators

to avoid reporting related to taxes or the

like. Quoting Almanzar, (2013) the

smuggling of large amounts of cash or

CBCC is a growing problem with the

economic security of even the United

States. This can happen because this CBCC

practice is an attempt made by the

perpetrator to avoid the required reporting.

Banyangkan indications of the influx of

threat of smuggling large amounts of

money as a practice that has been adapted

to circumvent a country's laws (such as

reporting and imposition of certain levies),

evading law enforcement (which seeks to

avoid reporting the origin of the money,

and the ongoing efforts made to fund illicit

activities.

Strategic Intelligence Approach Oversight

the authority and duty to limit the

occurrence of such criminal practices. In

Indonesia, financial transaction supervision

is the authority of the Center for Financial

Transaction Reporting and Analysis (PPATK)

based on Law Number 8 of 2010

concerning the Prevention and Eradication

of Money Laundering Crimes (TPPU). At the

border, the customs function that

supervises the entry/exit of large amounts

conducting oversight in the threat of CBCC

crimes, effective oversight must be carried

out with synergy between these agencies/

agencies. From a strategic intelligence

standpoint, there are several key things that

need to be done to improve the

1. Analysis of intelligence data sourced

from all agencies/ agencies.

Like other intelligence

products, strategic intelligence

efforts in tackling CBCC threats also

rely heavily on a wealth of data that

can be properly analyzed and

interpreted to map everything

related to threats. To quote

McDowell, (2009) in a major cycle of

research project planning. Third,

collect data and information. The

fourth is to compile and evaluate the

data. The fifth conduct the

appropriate analysis. The sixth

develops specific concepts and

hypothesis related to the observed

problems, and the seventh prepares a

report on the results of the strategic

research.

Customs And Strategic Intelligence Perspective

enforcement. The adaptation of the

standard intelligence cycle, rather

process that is carried out depends

largely on how the data obtained or

owned by all agencies, can be the

best input to provide a broad point of

view for all parties involved. For this

reason, in the context of the

intelligence process that McDowell

mentioned, in the context of this

CBCC threat, it should go through the

following process:

research project that should be

on handling CBCC should essentially

have some focus organized in several

layers of tasks and an observation

focus. At the core of this observation

layer, the focus should be on the

search for strategic intelligence data

and information related to the

context of financial transaction

supervision institutions and

performance such as PPATK, BI, and

counterterrorism from BNPT.

Furthermore, the third process

data that can provide an in-depth

and specific point of view according

to their respective duties and

functions. Furthermore, the data

enters the fourth stage where the

data is collected and compiled and

then evaluated the data related to the

quality and linkage of the desired

context, so that it can be continued in

the fifth process, namely conducting

specific concepts and hypotheses

will be obtained. So that in the final

result, this complete data and

information will be a significant input

in the report on the results of the

strategic research.

intelligence data exchange system.

that data needs are the main needs in

Customs And Strategic Intelligence Perspective

Based on the context of

strategic intelligence, the concept of

regardless of the purpose of their

collection, will always be the main

data bank for the commencement of

strategic activities both at the

strategic and operational levels.

Especially for the DJBC which is a

border guard agency and as an initial

filter for the entry of crime threats

into Indonesian territory, the

availability of surveillance media in

border.

way to exchange intelligence

information for many law

enforcement agencies in an area. In

their research, Carter & Carter, (2009)

stated that the (Carter & Carter, 2009)

fusion center method of sharing

information makes the intelligence

environment of the community in a

country facilitated in terms of

performance in detecting the

information that Perhaps only other

institutions that have different

helped by re-checking the system.

passenger risk management (PRM)

which is a system by applying the

concept of providing data that can be

used in observing someone who is

suspected of committing certain

violations. This PRM for Customs

agencies is very vital in analyzing the

movement of people in and out of

the Indonesian border. So that this

Based on the intelligence

agencies and several other relevant

agencies were found that needed

synergy in supervising and cracking

down on any CBCC violations.

Therefore, an appropriate mechanism

is needed in the development of a

fusion center so that it

accommodates all parties who need

intelligence data to carry out their

duties and functions.