E-ISSN: 2807 -
6311, P-ISSN: 2807 - 6494
EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMS THROUGH JOINT VENTURE GROUPS (KUBE) IN BULUNGAN REGENCY,
NORTH KALIMANTAN
Muflihah Rizqy
Amaliah1 Saiman2
1,2Government Science
Study Program, FISIP, University of Muhammadiyah Malang,
Indonesia
*e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
*Correspondence: [email protected],
Submitted: 10th December
2022 Revised:
05th January
2023 Accepted:
25th January
2023 Abstract: The Joint Business Group (KUBE) is a social assistance program from
the Ministry of Social Affairs of
the Republic of Indonesia, specifically the Directorate General of Social Empowerment and Poverty Reduction. The
KUBE program is expected to empower the poor
and reduce poverty. The purpose of this study was to determine the
effectiveness of the community empowerment program through the Joint Business
Group (KUBE) and to determine the inhibiting factors in the
community empowerment program through the Joint Business Group (KUBE) in Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan. The
theory used in this study is
Budiani's theory of effectiveness which includes four indicators, namely the
accuracy of program targets, program
socialization, achievement of program objectives, and program monitoring. In this study,
the researcher used a descriptive method with a qualitative research
approach. The results
of this study indicate that the effectiveness of the community
empowerment program through
the Joint Business
Group (KUBE) in Bulungan Regency,
North Kalimantan has not been
running well. This can be proven by the non-fulfillment of the four indicators that serve as references and benchmarks to see the effectiveness of a program.
Keywords: Effectiveness; Joint Business
Group (KUBE); Community Empowerment.
DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v2i06.363 https://jrssem.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/jrssem/index
INTRODUCTION
Poverty is a complex
and multidimensional problem,
this is because poverty is related to
several factors such as political, economic,
social and cultural.
Poverty is a condition where the income
level of a person or group of people cannot
meet basic needs
consisting of primary
and secondary aspects. The
primary aspect can be seen from the
lack of knowledge and skills, while
the secondary aspect can be seen from
the lack of access to clean water and
health, education level, malnutrition, livable
houses and so on (Kadji, 2012).
In addition, poverty is also caused
by helplessness in economic aspects
characterized by the limited number of special assets such as production factors, low wages in economic opportunities. This helplessness, makes people have
difficulty in meeting their daily
needs, as a result of which the
community does not have the independence
to make a change for the better and is more dependent on the government.
With so many problems
related to poverty,
the government, especially relevant agencies and institutions in assistance programs,
is more careful in providing assistance to people in need. This is
because the right assistance can be one way out to reduce poverty.
The role of the government as a
policy maker is indispensable. With
the policy, a program of activities in an effort
to increase the capacity of the poor through community
empowerment can be implemented. Community
empowerment programs are expected to develop the ability to do business,
provide security,
social protection and a sense
of security.
The
Ministry of Social Affairs as a government agency has a task in development in the field of social welfare
to establish the Joint Business
Group Program (KUBE) which is based on RI Law No. 11 of 2009 concerning Social
Welfare and Perpes
No. 15 of 2010 concerning the Acceleration of Poverty Reduction and RI Law No. 13 of 2011 concerning The Management of the Poor in the Context of Poverty Reduction,
Following up on this government policy, the North Kalimantan Government made regulations through
Governor Regulation No. 58 of
2017 concerning the second amendment
to North Kalimantan Governor Regulation No. 11 of 2013 concerning Grant Spending and Social Assistance Expenditure sourced from the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) of the North Kalimantan Provincial Government, this can be seen in Article 31 Paragraph 5.
In 2017, kube assistance was sourced from the state budget with a total budget of Rp. 1.36 billion.
Each group gets Rp. 20,000,000,-.
Of the total budget, aid funds have
been distributed to 68 KUBE groups spread across Tarakan, Bulungan
and Malinau areas.
Furthermore, in 2018 the provision
of KUBE assistance was sourced
from the APBN and APBD with a budget of Rp. 2.40 billion
and has been distributed to 107 groups spread across Tarakan, Bulungan, Nunukan
and Tana Tidung
Regencies.
In
2019, KUBE assistance was still sourced from the APBN and APBD with a total budget of Rp. 2.72 billion and has been distributed to 140 groups spread across Tarakan, Bulungan,
Nunukan and
(Kube) In Bulungan
Regency, North Kalimantan
Tana Tidung Regencies.
Finally, in 2020 the provision of
KUBE assistance was sourced
from the APBD with a budget of Rp. 320,000,000, - in the
form of goods assistance and has been distributed to 20 groups spread across Bulungan, Nunukan
and Malinau areas. (Kayantara.com, 2020)
With the establishment of the Joint Business
Group Program (KUBE),
it is hoped that it can
become a gathering place for people who have common goals in building
welfare through the economy, so that they can
meet their living
needs.
In
addition, the KUBE Program also aims to accelerate poverty
alleviation through increasing
the ability to become entrepreneurs, developing business network systems,
increasing people's economic
independence and increasing income, so as to improve the quality
of living.
The KUBE program is a group of poor families
that are formed,
grow, and develop
on their initiative in implementing Productive Economic Enterprises (UEP) in increasing family income. In its implementation, KUBE consists of 5 to 20 heads of families from the poor. As for
the number of KUBE, each year is different, this is adjusted
to the number of KUBE members who have passed the selection.
Based on Permensos No. 02 of 2019 concerning Socio-Productive Economic Enterprises (UEP) Assistance to Joint Business Groups (KUBE) is assistance
for handling the poor provided by the
Central Government and Regional
Governments to improve the ability to access economic
resources, increase economic business
capabilities, increase work productivity,
increase income and create mutually
beneficial business partnerships with each other.
Bulungan Regency is one of the regencies in North Kalimantan Province that has been
running the Joint Business Group
Program (KUBE) since 2017 with the hope of reducing the poverty rate that occurs in
Bulungan Regency.
Based on data from BPS Bulungan
Regency, in 2019-2020
the number of poor people in Bulungan Regency continues to increase, namely 13,480 poor people from a total of 151,844 people with a poverty percentage of 10.03%.
This is the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic that has hit Bulungan Regency, so that several
obstacles and obstacles
have occurred in the implementation of the KUBE program, such as the lack of socialization
and skills training as well as program monitoring.
Based on the above problems, the author conducted
research on "The
Effectiveness of Community Empowerment
Programs through Joint Business Groups
(KUBE) in Bulungan
Regency, North Kalimantan Province"
This research was conducted
to see how the effectiveness of community empowerment programs through the Joint Business
Group (KUBE) in Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan and what are the inhibiting factors
in community empowerment programs through the Joint Business
Group (KUBE) in Bulungan Regency,
North Kalimantan.
This aims to determine
the effectiveness of community
empowerment programs through
the Joint Business
Group
(KUBE) in Bulungan Regency,
North
Kalimantan and to determine the inhibiting factors
in community empowerment programs through the Joint Business
Group (KUBE) in Bulungan Regency,
North Kalimantan.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This research method uses a descriptive method with a qualitative research
approach. This is because, descriptive methods with a qualitative research
approach can describe
and produce conditions that have occurred. The location of this
research will be carried out in the
community of KUBE group and the Social
Service Office of Bulungan Regency. The
subjects in this study were the Head of the
Social Empowerment and Handling of the Poor Section, administrators and assistants of the Community Empowerment Program, KUBE in Bulungan Regency,
Bulungan Regency, and five communities
who are members of KUBE.
The data sources that will be used
in this study are primary data and
secondary data. Primary
data is a source of data obtained directly by the author from the primary source. This can be done through direct interviews with the KUBE group community related to the Effectiveness of the Community Empowerment Program
through Joint Business Groups (KUBE) in Bulungan
Regency, North Kalimantan Province, namely Mr. Maylisias Wan, S.Pd.SD.,
M.Hum. as the Head of the Social Empowerment
and Handling of the Poor Section, as well as the KUBE group management in Bulungan Regency. There are also several
KUBE members, namely
Mrs. Siti Marpuah, Mrs. Nur Aifa, and Mr. Junianus Heri, Mr. Udau Ajang and Mr. Surang Bilung,
this is equipped with written
notes or using recording devices such as cellphones.
Secondary data is a source of data obtained
by the author from an intermediate medium
or indirectly. This can be obtained through journals, books, and previous research. This reference is used for material or handle in research, according to the problem
or topic that the author raised, namely
the Effectiveness of the Community
Empowerment Program through
Joint Business Groups (KUBE) in Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan Province.
Data collection techniques in this study
are observation, interviews, and documentation. The last is the data collection technique, in this case using data reduction,
data presentation, and drawing conclusions.
Here are the results of the
interviews and documentation that have been conducted:
1. Program Effectiveness
Effectiveness in the implementation of community empowerment programs
through the Joint Business Group (KUBE) in Bulungan Regency will be measured using the program effectiveness theory from Budiani 2007 (Jibril, 2007), which includes
four indicators as follows:
(Kube) In Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan
a.
Accuracy of Program
Objectives
In
a program, the accuracy of program
goals is quite important. This is because the accuracy of program goals can affect the success
of a program to achieve
goals. The program
will be said to be successful, if the
assistance provided is on target. If the assistance provided is not on target,
then it can be said that
this program is not successful and effective.
Based on an interview
that has been conducted with Mr. Maylisias
Wan, S.Pd.SD., M.Hum. as the Head of the
Section for Social Empowerment and Handling
of the Poor, he said that: "As it is known that the KUBE
program is indeed set for underprivileged communities, to get this assistance, people must go through several
processes such as having to be
registered in poverty
data or Integrated Social Welfare Data (DTKS), submitting proposals followed
by verification and
exploration in the field and so on.
So for the accuracy of the program, it can be said that it is appropriate,
because the people who receive assistance are in accordance with predetermined criteria. "
This is reinforced by a statement
from Mr. Surang Bilung as a member of
KUBE, where he stated that:
"For me, it is right on target,
because in this
village, those who can help are indeed people
n need. In addition, to get this help we
also have to be selected, so it can't be just anyone who can. "
This can also be seen through the table below:
Table 1.
List of KUBE Names and Types of Businesses Carried Out in Bulungan Regency
|
No.
|
KUBE Name
|
Number of Members
|
Business Type
|
Number of Aids
|
|
1.
|
Independent Cenganak
Tips
|
10
|
Pig Cattle
|
IDR 20,000,000
|
|
2.
|
Rose
|
9
|
Catfish Cultivation
|
IDR 18,000,000
|
|
3.
|
Cahaya Jaya
|
9
|
Groceries
|
IDR 18,000,000
|
|
4.
|
Flower
|
8
|
Catfish Cultivation
|
IDR 16,000,000
|
|
5.
|
Mayataka
|
9
|
Cut Chicken
|
IDR 18,000,000
|
|
6.
|
Move Forward
Together
|
10
|
Groceries
|
IDR 20,000,000
|
|
7.
|
Tawai
|
8
|
Mentok Cattle
|
IDR 16,000,000
|
|
8.
|
Piboi
|
7
|
Fisherman
|
IDR 14,000,000
|
|
9.
|
Wakar (Women's Work)
|
10
|
Bangkok Chicken
Livestock
|
IDR 20,000,000
|
|
10.
|
Jaya Bersama
|
10
|
Groceries
|
IDR 20,000,000
|
|
11.
|
Tana Nuwa
|
10
|
Native Chicken
|
IDR 20,000,000
|
|
|
|
|
Livestock
|
|
|
12.
|
Mawar Jaya
|
10
|
Pig Cattle
|
IDR 20,000,000
|
|
13.
|
With Jaya
|
10
|
Pig Cattle
|
IDR 20,000,000
|
|
14.
|
Prima Jaya
|
10
|
Pig Cattle
|
IDR 20,000,000
|
|
15.
|
Tungu Rays
|
10
|
Pig Cattle
|
IDR 20,000,000
|
|
16.
|
Anggrek Jaya
|
10
|
Mentok Cattle
|
IDR 20,000,000
|
|
17.
|
Jasmine Grub
|
10
|
Groceries
|
IDR 20,000,000
|
|
18.
|
Permata Jaya
|
10
|
Chicken and Mentok
|
IDR 20,000,000
|
|
19.
|
May Jaya
|
10
|
Mentok Cattle
|
IDR 20,000,000
|
|
20.
|
Sustainable Power
|
10
|
Mentok Cattle
|
IDR 20,000,000
|
|
21.
|
Grace
|
10
|
Groceries
|
IDR 20,000,000
|
Source: Bulungan
Regency Social Service
Archives
Based on the table above, it can be seen that the accuracy of the program
targets is appropriate and appropriate, this is because the people who receive assistance and are members of KUBE are underprivileged communities. In this case, the amount of assistance provided by the government to the community can vary, this
is adjusted to the number of members who are members of the KUBE group.
b.
Program Socialization
Socialization is the main key in the success of a program, because with socialization the government can provide recognition and sufficient
information related to the program to be carried
out. If socialization runs effectively, then the implementation of the program can also run well.
In
interviews related to program
socialization, it was found that program socialization was still
not optimal, this can be proven by the results
of an interview with Mr. Maylisias
Wan, S.Pd.SD., M.Hum. as Head of the Social Empowerment and
Handling of the Poor Section, where he explained that:
"Related to socialization, at
the time before the Covid-19
pandemic, precisely around 2019 the Government had conducted socialization to several villages and sub-districts. However, when the Covid-19
pandemic occurred, direct socialization could not be carried out. However, in this case the government continues to strive through media such as WhatsApp Groups and so on."
For more accurate information, the author then digs up information from two communities that are members
of KUBE, related
to the socialization of programs carried out by the Government. In the interview, it was stated
that:
"If the information related to the KUBE Program is known to me
from Mrs. Leni Tambun, where she is an employee
of the District Social Welfare
Worker (TKSK). As for socialization, there is only once. After receiving assistance, the Government
(Kube) In Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan
has no provision of outreach or skills training
for the community."
The same thing was also conveyed by the community who are members of KUBE, where he said that: "For the information, I know
from a friend. So you know word of mouth, if for socialization only once and it was done at the beginning of this program. "
Based on the results
of the interview above, it can be concluded that the socialization of the KUBE program carried
out by the Social Service
Office is still minimal. Not only
that, the Government also does not
provide information through the media
such as brochures or banners, this is due to the lack of budget owned by the Government.
c. Achievement of Program Objectives A program can be
said to be successful, if the objectives
of the program are achieved. The KUBE program is implemented with the aim of reducing poverty through
increasing entrepreneurship and becoming a forum for people who have the same background and goals to build economic prosperity, so that
they can meet the needs
of life.
Based on interviews related to the achievement of program objectives, it was found that the
achievement of program objectives was still unsuccessful, this can be proven
by not reducing the poverty rate in Bulungan
Regency. In addition, Mr. Maylisias Wan, S.Pd.SD.,M.Hum. also said that:
"In several monitoring carried out by the Government, there are several
obstacles that cause the achievement of the objectives of the KUBE program not to run effectively. First, this is due to the Covid-19
pandemic, then there are problems or cases such as a chicken farming
business where, after getting
KUBE assistance and starting to run its business, but some time after, the business
failed because the chickens that had just been raised
died. And to build a business or business from scratch is already difficult, this is because
KUBE assistance has been used for initial capital to establish a chicken
farming business. With problems like this, the Community Empowerment Program through KUBE can be said to be ineffective. Because it cannot improve the ability to be entrepreneurial, increase people's economic
independence and increase
income, so as to improve the quality of living, and so on. "
This can also be seen through the table
below:
Table 2.
Achieving the Objectives of the Community
Empowerment Program through the Berama Business Group (KUBE) in Bulungan Regency,
North Kalimantan
Year 2019-2021
|
No.
|
Goal
|
Target (%)
|
Capaian (%)
|
|
1.
|
Improving skills in entrepreneurship
|
100%
|
50%
|
|
2.
|
Developing a business network system
|
100%
|
30%
|
|
3.
|
Increase economic independence
|
100%
|
40%
|
|
4.
|
Increase revenue
|
100%
|
45%
|
|
5.
|
Improving quality of life
|
100%
|
40%
|
Source: Processed
By The Author, 2022
Based on the statement and table above, it can be concluded that the achievement of the objectives of the community
empowerment program through KUBE in Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan has not been successful,
this is because it does not meet the objectives of the establishment of a community
empowerment program through
KUBE.
d.
Program Monitoring
In
the implementation of a program, program monitoring must be carried out, this is so that the government as a policy maker can monitor
the extent of the development of the program that is being carried out and provide
direction and guidance
to the communities involved in KUBE. With regular program monitoring, the implementation of
the program can run well and can achieve the expected
goals.
From several interviews
conducted by researchers, program monitoring is also still not optimal, this is evidenced
by the results of interviews with Mrs. Nur Aifa as a member of KUBE, where she said that: "For monitoring programs such as visits for checking, it has also not run optimally. This is due to the lack of budget funds, making it difficult for us to accompany
and closely monitor
the implementation of the KUBE program. In addition, human resources (HR) for KUBE special companions are also still lacking, so it is not uncommon,
there is one companion
who has four to eleven KUBE groups that must be taken
care of. Furthermore, road access to several villages
and sub-districts is also difficult
and quite time- consuming, especially during the rainy season, some of these
roads can only be passed by pedestrians, those of us who use cars cannot pass. Finally,
the lack of cooperation with several
related agencies, for example the Fisheries Service for communities
that have businesses such as catfish
(Kube) In Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan
farming or the Trade and Cooperative Industry Office for communities that have Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)
and other agencies,
in accordance with the communities that are members
of this KUBE program. "
The
same thing was also conveyed by the community who are members of KUBE, in the interview it was said that:
"If it is for direct monitoring by the Social Service, it has never been, but if it is monitoring from sub-district people (TKSK) it has been once. "
For more accurate information, the author then digs up information from Mrs. Nur Aifa as a member of KUBE, she also explained
that:
"For monitoring from the Social
Service, it has never been, but if it is from the District
Social Welfare Workers (TKSK) ever, it is also only once. "
Based on the statement
above, it can be concluded
that the monitoring of community empowerment programs through KUBE in Bulungan Regency is still not optimal, this is because
the Government has several
obstacles in its implementation.
2. Inhibiting Factors
Like the implementation of a program in general, some obstacles inevitably occur in
its
implementation. If these obstacles or
problems are not resolved immediately, then the successful implementation of a program will be difficult or even not achieved. The following are the inhibiting factors in the implementation of the KUBE program in Bulungan Regency,
North Kalimantan Province:
a.
The lack of budget, this is because in 2019 to
2021, the budget sourced from the APBN and APBD was cut and channeled to increase the budget related to the Covid-19 pandemic, in addition
to the Human Resources (HR) of a special companion in the implementation of KUBE is also still lacking,
where in this case, one companion
supervises four to eleven KUBE groups that must be accompanied, So that in implementation
such as monitoring or monitoring
cannot be carried out properly.
b.
The community only depends on assistance worth Rp.20,000,000 per group, which is provided
by the government, after receiving
assistance, the community
has difficulty managing the
business that has been established.
As a result, the assistance provided
can only be used for start-up
capital only.
c.
Lack of cooperation with several agencies,
such as the Trade and Cooperatives Industry
Office for KUBE which establishes or manages Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), as well as other agencies. This is because
these agencies have more qualified
abilities
and knowledge, so they can provide
information to the public who are members of KUBE according to the type of business
they are engaged
in.
Table 3.
Achievement of Community Empowerment Program Results through Berama Business Group (KUBE) in Bulungan Regency,
North Kalimantan
Year 2019-2021
|
No.
|
Success Indicators
|
Description
|
Performance Achievement
Target
(%)
|
Targets Achieved (%)
|
|
1.
|
Accuracy of Program
Objectives
|
Measuring the extent of the accuracy of kube program targets that are focused on
underprivileged communities and have
been registered in the Integrated Social
Welfare Data (DTKS).
|
100%
|
80%
|
|
2.
|
Program Socialization
|
Increase community participation by providing information related
to KUBE, both in the form
of brochures,
banners
and so on.
|
100%
|
50%
|
|
3.
|
Achievement of Program
Objectives
|
Reducing poverty through an increase in entrepreneurship and becoming a forum for people who have the same background to build economic
welfare, so that they can meet
the needs of life.
|
100%
|
40%
|
|
4.
|
Program Monitoring
|
Measure the extent
of progress of the KUBE program and provide direction and guidance to the communities that
are members
of the
|
100%
|
30%
|
(Kube) In Bulungan Regency,
North Kalimantan
Source: Processed By The Author,
2022
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results
of previous research
and discussions, it can be concluded that in general
the implementation of the Community
Empowerment Program through KUBE in Bulungan
Regency, North Kalimantan has not
gone well. This can be proven by the non-fulfillment of four indicators that become a reference and benchmark for seeing the effectiveness of a program.
Of
the four indicators, only one indicator
is running well, namely the accuracy
of program goals. As for program socialization, achieving program objectives, and monitoring programs are not going well.
This is because the
government still lacks socialization, monitoring and monitoring of people who join the KUBE program. In addition, this is also influenced by several obstacles such as lack of
budget and human resources in
assisting the KUBE program and lack of cooperation with several related
agencies, where these institutions
have the ability and qualified knowledge to provide some information and so on.
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possible open access publication
under the terms and conditions
of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY SA) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).