JRSSEM 2022, Vol. 02, No. 4, 463 - 483
E-ISSN: 2807 - 6311, P-ISSN: 2807 - 6494
PROBLEMS OF DAYAH ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN
BIREUEN DISTRICT (Using QSPM SWOT Analysis)
Bismi Purnama
1
Marliyah
2
Kamilah
3
1,2,3
Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
*
e-mail: [email protected], marliyah@uinsu.ac.id, [email protected]
*Correspondence: [email protected]
Submitted
: 24 October 2022
Revised
: 12 November 2022
Accepted
: 17 November 2022
Abstract:
Dayah, the oldest Islamic educational institution in Aceh, has contributed to the
development of human resources (HR). Initially, learning activities took place only in frames, which
was an important focus in the eyes of the research community. Dayah education can be said to be
at the same level as Madrasah Aliyah (MA) or Senior High School (SLTA) while recitation in
meunasah is equivalent to Tsanawiyah or Junior High School (SLTP). This study aims to find out
how the priority strategy in the economic development of dayah in Bireuen district by presenting
the internal and external circumstances that have been carried out so far. Then in addition, the
researcher also explained some of the urgency of handling that needs to be applied so that the
economic development of dayah in birueun district can be more targeted. The method used is a
qualitative method using SWOT and QSPM analysis. The number of respondents who filled out the
questionnaire was 9 respondents from dayah management and 5 respondents from expert experts,
respectively. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, the quadrants of the strategies obtained
after being processed in the IFE and EFE matrices are in Quadrant II. It states that the strategy used
is a progressive strategy. This strategy means that the company has power but threats. Furthermore,
in the QSPM analysis, the results were obtained that the main priority strategy that must be carried
out is to build relationships with the surrounding dayah in an effort to expand marketing targets
for dayah economic development in Bireuen district.
Keywords:
Problems, Economic Development, Dayah
Bismi Purnama
1
, Marliyah
2
, Kamilah
3
| 464
INTRODUCTION
Pesantren is one of the original
Indonesian institutions or institutions that
has a multidimensional role in the life of the
Indonesian nation.In 2016, the number of
Islamic boarding schools reached 28,961
with the number of students as many as
4,028,660. This number reaches 7.63
percent of the total school children in
Indonesia. In terms of geography, the
majority of Islamic boarding schools are
located on the island of Java, which is 81.8%
of the total islamic boarding schools (Faisal,
2020).
In 2021 the number of Islamic
boarding schools reached 36,727 with the
number of students 3,914,724.When
compared to previous statistical data, it can
be concluded that the growth of the
number of Islamic boarding schools in
Indonesia is very fast, this can be seen in
the following table:
Table 1 . The Population Level of Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia in 2021
No
Province
Boarding
School
Mukim
Students
Not Mukim
Total Santri
1
West Java
11.306
772.924
94.179
867.103
2
Banten
6.238
416.17
52.551
468.721
3
East Java
6.228
868.487
103.599
972.086
4
Central Java
4,746
337.656
40.978
378.634
5
Aceh
1,582
170.084
23.016
193.1
Source: Data processed from Ministry of Religion Emis in 2021
465 | Effect of Sme’s E-Readiness and Online Food Delivery Apps Adoption Toward Business
Performance
Based on the latest data from the emis
data of the Ministry of Religion, it can be
seen that the most Islamic boarding
schools are found in West Java province
with the number of Islamic boarding
schools reaching more than 11,000 then
Banten province with the number of Islamic
boarding schools 6,344, after that East Java
although between the two is not much
different, namely masi diangka 6000
onwards Central Java province the number
reaches 4,746 pesantren almost reaching
5000, Next is Aceh which occupies the fifth
position, with the number of Islamic
boarding schools as many as 1582, based
on data in table 1.1.Judging from the
growth rate and development of Dayah
educational institutions in Aceh continues
to increase. Dayah is a non-formal
educational institution, in Java including
Sunda and Madura the term pondok and
pesantren is generally used, while in Aceh it
is known as dayah or rangkang or
meunasah, while in Minangkabau it is
called surau (Madjid, 1997).
There are several Aceh dayahs that can
be said to have started pioneering
economy independently because they have
human resources and business units that
can allow generating income to finance the
implementation of education in the region,
such as Dayah Mudi Mesra, Ummul Ayman
and Babussalam. All of these pesantren are
examples of some pesantren that have
been successful in running the wheels of
the economy, so that they have strength
and independence in the economic field of
pesantren Although dayah in Aceh is
advanced in the field of education
specifically about the study of the yellow
book. However, developments in the
economic sector are minimal and
concerning, Most dayah in Aceh only rely
on dues from students and non-
governmental organizations. when
compared to Islamic educational
institutions on the island of Java, Aceh is
still very lagging behind in the independent
economic development sector of Dayah.
A problem is a gap between hope and
reality that is expected to be resolved or
can be needed or in other words can reduce
that gap. The description of opinions on
problems is a variety of difficult problems
faced in the empowerment process, both
those that come from individuals (internal
factors) and in efforts to empower human
resources or teachers in the world of
education. (Asmuni, 1983).
In development there is growth.
Movement patterns are complex because
they are the result (product) of several
processes: biological processes, cognitive
processes and social processes.
Several references to economics can
be taken as an important point, namely
how humans meet their needs, from the
production process, attributable to
consumption. So the author argues that
economics is how individuals or groups
meet their needs (Putong, 2010).
some of the potential reasons why
Islamic boarding schools are ideal to be
able to play a role in the development of
the Islamic economic ecosystem are
abundant human resources, namely
students whose numbers can reach
hundreds of people and even up to
thousands of people, land ownership, on
average, each pesantren has a large land
ownership, especially pesantren located in
rural areas, market potential, given the
Bismi Purnama
1
, Marliyah
2
, Kamilah
3
| 466
existence of close social relations and
kinship between religious institutions and
the surrounding community, technological
potential, as a means by which religious
institutions are strategic institutions for
developing technology, leadership of the
kyai as leaders of the obedient and
charismatic boarding schools, and the
number of Islamic boarding schools is very
large and spread across almost all parts of
Indonesia, both in cities, villages and
villages.
Islamic boarding schools with various
expectations and predicates attached to
them, actually lead to three main functions
that are always carried out, namely: first, as
a center of excellence. Second, as an
institution that produces human resources.
Third, as an institution that has the power
to empower the community (agent of
development). Islamic boarding schools are
also understood as part of the process of
social change in the midst of changes that
occur (Rimbawan, 2012).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This research uses a descriptive
qualitative research approach. In this study,
Moleong characterized Qualitative as a real
or real event in the field so as to bring
researchers to jump directly (Lexy
j.Moloeng, 2018). The analysis method
used in the study used the SWOT and
QSPM (Quantitative Stratrgic Planing
Matrix) methods. QSPM is a tool used to
determine the relative attractiveness of the
implementation of alternative strategies,
which is used in stage 3 (stag 3) of the
formulation strategy analysis framework.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Problems of Economic Development in
Bireuen district
Dayah is an Islamic educational
institution implementing Islamic teachings,
namely the Qur'an and hadith. This element
makes it easier to carry out acts of
independence in the economy.
Independence in trying, independence in
producing to meet one's own needs and
even help others, who are not too
dependent on other parties in carrying out
and carrying out the managed educational
process so that it becomes quality and even
competitive. Dayah with its independent
economy means an institution that has the
ability to choose and carry out activities to
survive better, providing perfect and quality
educational services.
Thus the independence in question is a
concept that is often associated with
development, is often associated with self-
development, and is always related to how
to be self-productive in various aspects of
life so as to contribute to others.
Independence is an attitude that prioritizes
one's own ability to overcome various
problems in order to achieve a goal,
without closing oneself to existing
developments with a cooperative strategy,
by learning and listening from other parties
as long as it provides benefits for a
business.
Based on the findings of researchers
that the author conducted in lolo kecil
village, Bukit Kerman District, Kerinci
Regency, about the role of traditional
stakeholders in the implementation of
Kenduri Sko in lolo kecil village, Bukit
Kerman District, Kerinci Regency, it can be
467 | Effect of Sme’s E-Readiness and Online Food Delivery Apps Adoption Toward Business
Performance
concluded that the implementation of
Kenduri Sko in the community of lolo kecil
village aims to express gratitude to the
almighty who has provided abundant
harvests and field products that are also
satisfactory and Kenduri which is carried
out by the community is an example of a
sense of mutual cooperation and forms a
sense of unity and unity. This tradition is
believed by the people of lolo kecil village
as one of the symbols of unity and unity
and the nature of mutual cooperation in the
community.
The role of traditional stakeholders in
Kenduri Sko is to always invite male
children of butino children to learn to
understand the practice of old customs and
to follow the direction of male children of
butino children, Giving awareness to the
community that kenduri sko is important to
implement.
The existing and developing economic
problems of dayah are very diverse. This
can come from policies that do not meet
the real conditions, it can come from weak
human resources as managers of dayah
business units, it can also come from the
lack of attention of the leadership to the
existing economic continuity. And there are
many other things that can result in the
realization of problems in managing an
independent economy in providing
positive implications for the quality of
educational services, among which the
most dominant are:
Acquisition of Business Capital
Financial needs are always an obstacle
in carrying out pesantren activities, both
related to the needs of pesantren
development and in the process of daily
activities of pesantren. Not a few of the
pesantren construction processes run for a
long time, which only waits for donations or
donations from outside parties, and even
has to do fundraising on the roadside.
Talki ng abo ut busine ss ca pital is indeed an
obstacle for all dayahs in Aceh, not only
Bireuen regency, but in this case it actually
needs initiative from their respective dayah
management, namely starting one of the
small things. For example, dayah managers
build independent cooperatives, receive
savings and loans for students, and process
these funds as business capital for the food
clothing needs of dayah students (Imran,
2022).
The issue of capital is a common
problem in all economic businesses, not
knowing it in pesantren or outside
pesantren. Even large companies feel that
capital is always lacking. So that it always
depends on business development on
outside assistance. Both from the service
and others.
Competent Human Resources
One of the problems that must be
considered is that the business is not
managed professionally, modernly, and
focused, the absence of networking or
many and broad relationships, the absence
of SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures)
for good service ideals, weak marketing
management, so that it is not popular in the
midst of society, price management that is
not attractive to students, parents of
students, and the surrounding community,
there is often a change of managers
without preparation for regeneration on an
ongoing basis, especially in an educational
institution, the mentality of low and
immature human resources, so they do not
want to face risks and avoid existing
Bismi Purnama
1
, Marliyah
2
, Kamilah
3
| 468
problems, the lack of independence of
educational institutions affects the
realization of an independent economy and
depends on the party of outside, as well as
weak implementation of monitoring and
evaluation, so that there are often problems
that are directly fatal and detrimental
( Muntasir, 2022) . The problem of limited
quality Human Resources (HR) and the
problem of limited capital. As a result of the
limitations of quality human resources, the
management of economic businesses in
the Islamic boarding school environment is
not professionally worked on.
The caregiver as an actor of Islamic
entrepreneurship in this study is a central
and influential figure who leads a boarding
school. Kyai here is the initiator and driver
of Islamic entrepreneurship in Islamic
boarding schools. This kyai idea or idea is
manifested in a manifestation in the form
of Islamic entrepreneurship education,
starting from teaching planning, teaching
implementation, and teaching supervision,
both theoretically and practically. Without
the role of caregivers here, there could be
no Islamic entrepreneurship education
taught in Islamic boarding schools. One of
the economic problems can also come
from the leadership's lack of attention to
the existing economic continuity . Some of
the day-to-day dayahs are still rigid in
maintaining a salafiyah pattern that they
consider sophisticated in dealing with
external problems. In fact, as an
educational, religious, and social
institution, pesantren are required to
contextualize without having to sacrifice
their original disposition (Jamuddin, 2022).
Some of the problems that have been
identified often haunt the success of
economic business development in dayah:
1) economic business in pesantren is often
considered to interfere with the
concentration of pesantren as tafaquh
fiddin; 2) who is the main actor who carries
out the economy in pesantren: kyai or a
certain designated person. The vagueness
of the division of roles that should be
played makes the economic business of
pesantren not running; 3) the mindset of
building the economic independence of
students is still weak, both in concept and
spirit; 4) economic business assistance from
the government is often considered a free
grant, so that if the capital provided is
consumed it is not a mistake; 5) confusion
in finding a market to sell its economic
commodities.
Dayah economic development
recommendations, need new
breakthroughs. The development of the
dayah economy, which has been more
fixated on aid per unit dayah, needs to be
reviewed. The practice that occurs, each
dayah only thinks about getting special
help for their own dayah. Some dayah are
racing to put forward proposals, lobby to
get economic business assistance. Because
the spirit tends to race for help, so when
help is obtained, the facts on the ground
show that a lot of help is just an inventory
item and unemployed in dayah. The
motivation for sustainable efforts is still
often not supported by a strong concept.
Very often such government assistance is
regarded as a grant, so there is no further
articulation to establish a culture of
enterpreunership. Such a perspective has
been affecting dayah a lot, so that dayah
economic business is less advanced
(Jufliwan, 2022).
469 | Effect of Sme’s E-Readiness and Online Food Delivery Apps Adoption Toward Business Performance
2.
Matrix IFE and EFE
Table 2 . Weight Calculation (Current
Condition)
Responden
Total
Weights
Average
Weight
Relative weights
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
5
4
6
5
5
4
3
4
3
39
4,33
0,20
5
1
5
6
2
6
3
4
3
35
3,89
0,18
4
5
6
6
2
5
4
4
4
40
4,44
0,20
5
3
6
5
4
6
5
3
2
39
4,33
0,20
6
5
6
5
4
5
5
4
4
44
4,89
0,22
197
21,89
1,00
6
5
6
3
4
5
5
1
5
40
4,44
0,22
4
4
6
6
4
6
4
3
3
40
4,44
0,22
3
4
5
5
3
4
2
2
1
29
3,22
0,16
4
5
5
4
5
4
3
5
3
38
4,22
0,21
4
5
6
5
5
4
3
2
2
36
4,00
0,20
183
20,33
1,00
5
5
6
4
5
4
5
5
4
43
4,78
0,17
5
5
6
4
2
5
4
5
5
41
4,56
0,16
6
5
4
4
6
5
5
5
4
44
4,89
0,17
6
5
5
5
6
6
4
5
5
47
5,22
0,19
6
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
41
4,56
0,16
6
5
5
4
4
4
4
3
3
38
4,22
0,15
Bismi Purnama
1
, Marliyah
2
, Kamilah
3
| 470
254
28,22
1,00
5
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
25
2,78
0,20
5
3
5
2
3
1
2
2
1
24
2,67
0,19
5
4
5
5
4
5
5
3
4
40
4,44
0,32
5
4
5
4
4
5
2
3
4
36
4,00
0,288
125
13,89
1,00
471 |
Problems of Dayah Economic Development in Bireuen District (Using QSPM SWOT Analysis)
Table 3 . Rat ing C al culat ion ( Handlin g Urge ncy)
Strategic Factors
Respond
Total
Rating
Average
Rating
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
STRENGTH
1.Abundant human resources
3
4
4
3
3
4
3
3
3
30
3,33
2. Large land tenure
3
4
4
1
2
4
4
3
3
28
3,11
3.Market potential (Strategic location)
3
2
4
1
3
3
3
3
2
24
2,67
4.The needs of alumni, students and the community
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
28
3,11
5.The number of Islamic boarding schools is very large
3
2
4
2
2
3
3
3
3
25
2,78
Grand Total
135
15,00
DEBILITATION
1.Greedy HR
4
2
4
3
4
1
3
3
3
27
3,00
2.Limited Locations
3
3
4
1
4
1
3
3
3
25
2,78
3.Limited capital
4
3
3
3
3
4
3
2
2
27
3,00
4.Competent Human Resources
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
2
2
26
2,89
5.Managerial
3
3
4
3
4
3
3
3
2
28
3,11
Total
133
14,78
OPPORTUNITY
1. Few Competitors
4
3
4
3
3
2
3
3
3
28
3,11
2. Big market (students, alumni and community)
4
2
4
3
2
3
3
3
3
27
3,00
3. Extensive alumni network
4
2
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
28
3,11
4. High public trust
4
2
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
28
3,11
5. Government Contribution and Support
3
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
29
3,22
6. Independent economic empowerment training
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
30
3,33
Bismi Purnama
1
, Marliyah
2
, Kamilah
3
| 470
Total
170
18,89
THREAT
1.Quantity and Quality of Human Resources
4
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
26
2,89
2. Marketing Access
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
28
3,11
3. Acquisition of Business Capital
4
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
3
32
3,56
4.Management Arrangement nuanced Technology
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
27
3,00
Overall Total
113
12,56
472
473 |
Problems of Dayah Economic Development in Bireuen District (Using QSPM SWOT
Analysis)
Table 4 . Rat ing R at ing of c urrent c ondit ions
No
Scor
Strength Indicator
Evaluation
1
4,89
The number of Islamic boarding schools is very
large
Well
2
4,44
Market potential (Strategic location)
3
4,33
The needs of alumni, students and the community
Fairly Good1
4
4,33
Abundant human resources
5
3,89
Ownership of large land
Fairly Good 2
Weakness Indicator
1
4,44
Greedy HR
Weak
2
4,44
Limited location
3
4,22
Competent HR
Somewhat Weak 1
4
4,00
managerial
5
3,22
Limited capital
Somewhat Weak 2
Opportunity Indicator
1
5,22
High public trust
Well
2
4,89
Extensive alumni network
3
4,78
Few Competitors
4
4,56
Big market (Santri alumni and the community)
5
4,56
Government Contribution and Support
6
4,22
Independent economic empowerment training
Threat Indicator
1
4,44
Acquisition of Business Capital
Threatened
2
4,00
Technology Nuanced Management Arrangement
3
2,78
HR Quantity and Quality
Slightly Threatened
4
2,67
Marketing Access
Evaluation
Bismi Purnama
1
, Marliyah
2
| 474
Table 5 . Assessment of Urgency of
Treatment
No
Scor
Strength Indicator
Evaluation
1
3,33
The number of Islamic boarding schools is very
large
Strong
2
3,11
Market potential (Strategic location)
Somewhat Strong 1
3
3,11
Abundant human resources
4
2,78
Ownership of large land
Somewhat Strong 2
5
2,67
The needs of alumni, students and the
community
Weakness Indicator
1
3,11
Limited capital
Weak
2
3,00
Greedy HR
Somewhat Weak
3
3,00
Competent HR
4
2,89
managerial
Rather weak
5
2,78
Limited location
Opportunity Indicator
1
3,11
High public trust
Well
2
3,11
Few Competitors
3
3,11
Big market (Santri alumni and the community)
4
3,33
Independent economic empowerment training
Well
5
3,22
Government Contribution and Support
6
3,00
Extensive alumni network
Threat Indicator
1
3,22
Acquisition of Business Capital
Threatened
2
3,11
Marketing Access
3
3,00
Technology Nuanced Management
Arrangement
4
2,89
HR Quantity and Quality
Somewhat threatened
475 |
Problems of Dayah Economic Development in Bireuen District (Using QSPM SWOT
Analysis)
Table 6 . Matrix IFE
No
Strength Indicator
Weight
Relative
Rating
Score
1
The number of Islamic boarding schools is
very large
4,33
0,20
3,33
0,66
2
Market potential (Strategic location)
3,89
0,18
3,11
0,55
3
The needs of alumni, students and the
community
4,44
0,20
2,67
0,54
4
Abundant human resources
4,33
0,20
3,11
0,62
5
Ownership of large land
4,89
0,22
2,78
0,62
Grand Total
21,89
1,00
2,990
Weakness Indicator
1
Greedy HR
4,44
0,22
3,00
0,66
2
Limited location
4,44
0,22
2,78
0,61
3
Competent HR
3,22
0,16
3,00
0,48
4
managerial
4,22
0,21
2,89
0,60
5
Limited capital
4,00
0,20
3,11
0,61
Grand Total
20,33
1,00
2,950
1.
Kuadran SWOT
The next step, from the final
score value, is also calculated IFE
(Internal Factor Evaluation) and EFE
(External Factor Evaluation),
with the
formula:
IFE Score (Strength Score -
Weakness Score)
= 2.990 – 2.950 = 0.04
EFE Score (Opportunity Score -
Threat)
= 3.14 – 3.18 = -0.04
Based on the results of the IFE and EFE
calculations above, a position for SWOT
analysis can be determined, namely in
quadrant I I (positive, negative). As shown in
the following figure.
(Opportunity)
(
W
eaksne
ss)
(Strengths
)
Bismi Purnama
1
, Marliyah
2
| 476
0,04 dan - 0,04
Ancaman (Treaths)
From the SWOT matrix above,
several alternative strategies can be
obtained that can be implemented in the
dayah economic development strategy in
Bireuen district , namely:
1) SO Strategy
(Strenght –
Opportunity)
a) Building forgiving human
resources through local
government guidance and
training.
b) Expanding the recruitment
network of students,
alumni and the
surrounding community.
c) Build relationships with
surrounding dayah to
increase the amount of
marketing.
d) Building access to
cooperation with the
government and local
residents.
2) WO Strategy (
Weakness-
Opportunity
)
a) Cooperate with the
government in obtaining
access to business capital.
b) Build a strong managerial to
control the large market of
Santri, Alumni and
Community.
c) Build relationships with the
surrounding community to
expand land for independent
economic empowerment
d) Protect human resources
from being greedy to
promote independent
economic development.
e) Allocate any income (profit)
for independent economic
development.
3) ST Strategy
( Strength-Threat
)
a) Building competent human
resources with technological
nuances
b) Opening broad marketing
access by utilizing a strategic
location.
c) Implementing the main
marketing targets, namely
students, alumni and the
community.
d) Building relationships with
surrounding Islamic boarding
schools in an effort to expand
marketing targets for independent
economic development
e) Utilizing abundant human
resources as the main access to
business capital through
independent cooperatives.
4) WT Strategy
( Weakness- Threat )
a) The absence of human resources is
greedy and has personal interests
b) Building competent human
resources capable of managing
technology-based management.
c) Establishing internal cooperatives
for the main capital of independent
economic development.
475 |
Problems of Dayah Economic Development in Bireuen District (Using QSPM SWOT
Analysis)
3.
QSPM Matrix
The QSPM matrix is used to evaluate
alternative strategies that are carried
out objectively as well as intuitive
judgments from respondents based on
key success factors. Strategy
alternatives that will be input data to
the QSPM matrix are generated from
the SWOT matrix contained in the ST
strategy.
477
Bismi Purnama
1
, Marliyah
2
| 478
Tabel 1.6 Perhitugan Bobot QSPM
No
Internal Strategic
Factors
Strategy
Respondents 1
Strategy
Respondents
2
Strategy
Respondents
3
Strategy
Respondents
4
Strategy
Respondents
5
Total
Averagea
Final
Weight
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
The number of Islamic
boarding schools is very
large
3
2
3
4
4
4
2
4
3
3
4
4
4
3
3
4
4
4
3
3
2
2
4
3
4
83
3,32
0,137
2
Market potential
(Strategic location)
4
4
3
3
4
2
3
2
4
3
4
4
4
3
4
4
3
4
3
4
3
1
4
3
2
82
3,28
0,136
3
The needs of alumni,
students and the
community
4
3
4
3
3
4
2
4
3
3
4
4
4
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
1
3
3
3
77
3,08
0,127
4
Abundant human
resources
3
2
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
3
4
3
4
3
3
4
2
4
3
3
3
4
4
3
4
83
3,32
0,137
5
Ownership of large land
2
3
2
3
2
2
4
2
3
2
1
3
1
3
3
2
1
2
3
3
2
1
2
3
3
58
2,32
0,096
6
Greedy HR
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
26
1,04
0,043
7
Limited location
1
3
1
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
44
1,76
0,073
8
Competent HR
4
1
4
3
3
4
4
4
3
3
2
1
2
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
71
2,84
0,118
9
managerial
4
1
4
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
2
1
1
3
1
3
2
2
3
1
3
1
2
54
2,16
0,089
10
Limited capital
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
26
1,04
0,043
Grand Total
604
24,16
1,000
11
High public trust
4
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
4
4
4
3
3
4
2
3
3
3
3
1
4
3
3
76
3,04
0,1095
12
Extensive alumni
network
4
2
4
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
1
3
3
4
77
3,08
0,111
13
Few Competitors
2
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
4
2
4
2
2
3
1
3
2
2
54
2,16
0,0778
14
Big market (Santri
alumni and the
community)
3
4
4
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
3
4
3
3
4
2
4
3
3
79
3,16
0,1138
477 |
Problems of Dayah Economic Development in Bireuen District (Using QSPM SWOT Analysis)
Table 8. QSPM Matrix
No
Main factor
Bobot
Alternatif Strategi
Strategi 1
Membuka
akses
pemasaran
yang luas
dengan
memanfaatka
n lokasi yang
strategis
Strategi 2
Membangun
SDM yang
berkualitas
dan
berkompetens
i bernuansa
teknologi
Strategi 3
Mengimplementa
sikan target
pemasaran santri
,alumni dan
masyarakat
Strategi 4
Membangun
relasi dengan
dayah sekitar
dalam upaya
memperluas
target pemasaran
untuk
pengembangan
ekonomi mandiri
Strategi 5
Memanfaatkan
SDM yang
melimpah
sebagai akses
utama modal
usaha melalui
koperasi
mandiri
AS
TAS
AS
TAS
AS
TAS
AS
TAS
AS
TAS
Strenghts
1
The number of Islamic boarding
schools is very large
0,137
3
0,412
3
0,412
4
0,550
4
0,550
4
0,550
2
Market potential (Strategic
location)
0,136
4
0,543
2
0,272
4
0,543
3
0,407
2
0,272
15
Government
Contribution and Support
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
1
2
3
3
2
1
2
3
3
2
1
2
3
3
57
2,28
0,0821
16
Independent economic
empowerment training
3
1
3
1
2
4
3
3
1
1
4
1
3
1
3
4
1
3
2
2
4
1
3
1
3
58
2,32
0,0836
17
Acquisition of Business
Capital
3
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
4
2
4
1
3
2
2
2
1
2
3
4
3
1
2
56
2,24
0,0807
18
Technology Nuanced
Management
Arrangement
4
1
4
3
4
4
4
3
3
3
4
1
3
3
4
3
1
3
3
3
4
1
3
3
3
75
3
0,1081
19
HR Quantity and Quality
4
1
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
4
1
4
3
3
4
2
4
3
3
4
1
4
3
3
76
3,04
0,1095
20
Marketing Access
4
4
4
3
4
4
1
4
3
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
2
4
3
4
4
1
4
3
3
86
3,44
0,1239
Grand Total
694
27,76
1,000
479
Bismi Purnama
1
, Marliyah
2
| 478
3
The needs of alumni, students and
the community
0,127
2
0,255
0
0,000
4
0,510
2
0,255
0
0,000
4
Abundant human resources
0,137
0
0,000
3
0,412
3
0,412
2
0,275
4
0,550
5
Ownership of large land
0,096
0
0,000
0
0,000
0
0,000
0
0,000
0
0,000
Weakness
1
Greedy HR
0,043
0
0,000
2
0,086
0
0,000
0
0,000
0
0,000
2
Limited location
0,073
2
0,146
2
0,146
3
0,219
4
0,291
2
0,146
3
Competent HR
0,118
0
0,000
4
0,470
0
0,000
3
0,353
2
0,235
4
managerial
0,089
0
0,000
4
0,358
2
0,179
2
0,179
0
0,000
5
Limited capital
0,043
0
0,000
0
0,000
2
0,086
0
0,000
4
0,172
1,000
Opportunity
1
High public trust
0,110
3
0,329
0
0,000
4
0,438
4
0,438
0
0,000
2
Extensive alumni network
0,111
3
0,333
0
0,000
4
0,444
4
0,444
0
0,000
3
Few Competitors
0,078
2
0,156
0
0,000
4
0,311
2
0,156
0
0,000
4
Big market (Santri alumni and the
community)
0,114
3
0,341
0
0,000
4
0,455
4
0,455
3
0,341
5
Government Contribution and
Support
0,082
0
0,000
4
0,329
2
0,164
2
0,164
2
0,164
6
Independent economic
empowerment training
0,084
0
0,000
2
0,167
0
0,000
0
0,000
3
0,251
Threat
1
Acquisition of Business Capital
0,081
2
0,161
0
0,000
0
0,000
3
0,242
4
0,323
2
Technology Nuanced Management
Arrangement
0,108
0
0,000
4
0,432
0
0,000
2
0,216
0
0,000
3
HR Quantity and Quality
0,110
2
0,219
4
0,438
3
0,329
3
0,329
3
0,329
4
Marketing Access
0,124
4
0,496
0
0,000
4
0,496
4
0,496
0
0,000
1,000
3,391
3,522
5,135
5,249
3,332
480
481 |
Problems of Dayah Economic Development in Bireuen District (Using QSPM SWOT
Analysis)
So, based on table 1.7, the alternative strategy that has the highest total
attractiveness value is strategy number 2 with a TAS value of 5,591 (with a
comma-read English-dot number format).
Table 9. QSPM Matrix Analysis Results Strategy Sequence
Order
Strategy
TAS Value
1
Building relationships with local Islamic boarding schools in an
effort to expand marketing targets for economic development
5,249
2
Implement marketing targets for students, alumni and the
community
5,135
3
Building qualified and competent human resources with
technological nuances
3,522
4
Opening broad marketing access by utilizing a strategic location
3,391
5
Utilizing abundant human resources as the main access to
business capital through independent cooperatives
3,332
CONCLUSIONS
Referring to the results of the
research and discussion, it can be
concluded according to the formulation of
the problem as follows:he problems in the
development of the Islamic boarding
school economy in Bireuen district include;
Acquisition of business capital, competent
human resources, interest from dayah
leaders, the strategies used so far include
internal and external factors, as well as the
urgency of handling them during the
Covid-19 period, namely current strengths:
According to research results, there are a
large number of dayah, making it easier to
build a marketing network and cooperation
in various fields. Furthermore, the market
potential is very strategic, namely by
utilizing students, alumni and the
surrounding community as the main target
of marketing. Likewise with adequate
human resources and land as important
means in developing an independent
economy, current Weaknesses: It can be
concluded that there are other weaknesses
such as the lack of sources of venture
capital, less strategic business locations,
lack of capital management and others,
current opportunities: Take advantage of
high public trust in dayah, extensive alumni
network, government contribution to self-
sufficient economic development in
Bireuen district dayah, current Threats:
Threats that are happening right now are
the biggest triggers for business capital
acquisition and technology-based
management and the main priority strategy
that needs to be implemented by the dayah
in developing the dayah economy in
Bireuen Regency is to build relationships
Bismi Purnama
1
, Marliyah
2
| 482
with surrounding Islamic boarding schools
in an effort to expand marketing targets for
the development of the dayah economy in
Bireuen.
REFERENCES
A.Azizy Qodri. (2004). Membangun Fondasi
Ekonomi Umat : Meneropong
Prospek Berkembangnya Ekonomi
Islam. Pustaka pelajar.
Abdul Mujib, J. M. (2006). Ilmu Pendidikan
Islam. Kencana.
Abdullah Zaky Al-kaaf. (2002). Ekonomi
Dalam Perspektif Islam. Pustaka Setia.
Ahmad Muhammad Al-Assal, F. A. A. K.
(1999). Sistem,Prinsip, dan Tujuan
Ekonomi Islam. Pustaka Setia.
Amiruddin, M. H. (2009). Ulama Dayah
Pengawal Agama Masyarakat Aceh.
Lembaga Studi Agama dan
Masyarakat (LSAMA).
Amiruddin, M. H. (2013). Menatap masa
depan dayah di Aceh. Yayasan PeNA.
Arif Rahman Nurul Amin, M. P. (2021).
Pesantren sebagai solusi
pemberdayaan ekonomi kerakyatan.
Jurnal Syntax Transformation, 2, 896–
914.
Asmuni, S. (1983). Dasar-Dasar Strategi
Dakwah Islam. Al-Ikhlas.
Departemen Agama RI. (2004). Profil
Pondok Pesantren Mu’adalah.
Direktorat Pendidikan Keagamaan
Dan Pondok Pesantren.
Dhofier, Z. (1982). Tradisi Pesantren: Studi
tentang pandangan Hidup Kiai.
LP3ES.
Faisal, Y. A. (2020). Analisis Faktor
Keberhasilan Pengembangan
Ekonomi Pesantren : Studi sKasus
Pesantren MBS Prambanan dan Al-
Irsyidiyyah Nurul Iman. Meis, 7(1), 1–
17.
http://meis.ui.ac.id/index.php/meis/a
rticle/view/93
Feener, R. Michael; Kloos, David; Samuels,
A. (2016). Islam and the Limits of the
State: Reconfigurations of Practice,
Community and Authority in
Contemporary Aceh.
Gibb, H. A. (1961). Shorter encylopedia of
islam. Leiden E.JB rill.
Haidar putra Daulay. (2007). Sejarah
pertumbuhan dan pembaharuan
pendidikan islam. Prenada media
Gruop.
Landa, J. T. (1994). Trust, Ethnicity, And
Identity: Beyond The New
Institutional Economics Of Ethnic
Trading Networks, Contract Law, And
Gift-Exchange. University of Michigan
Press.
Madjid, N. (1997). Bilik-Bilik Pesantren
Sebuah potret Perjalanan.
Paramadina.
Muhammad Syafi’i Antonio. (2001). BANK
SYARIAH Dari Teori Ke Praktek. Gema
Insani Press.
Mustafa Edwin Nasution. (2006).
Pengenalan Ekslusif Ekonomi Islam.
Kencana.
Nata, A. (2012). Sejarah Pendidikan Islam.
Kencana.
Putong, I. (2010). Economic Pengantar
MIkro Dan Makro. Mitra Wacana
Media.
Rajasa, S. (2002). Kamus Ilmiah Populer.
Karya Utama.
Rimbawan, Y. (2012). Pesantren dan
Ekonomi. Annual International
Conferences on Islamic Studies (AICIS
483 |
Problems of Dayah Economic Development in Bireuen District (Using QSPM SWOT
Analysis)
XII), 1180–1199.
© 2022 by the authors. Submitted
for possible open access publication
under the terms and conditions of the Creative
Commons Attribution (CC BY SA) license
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).