JRSSEM 2022, Vol. 02, No. 5, 743 – 754

E-ISSN: 2807 - 6311, P-ISSN: 2807 - 6494

DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v2i05.316. https://jrssem.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/jrssem

THE FAMILY HOPE PROGRAM FOR CONDITIONAL CASH

TRANSFER PROGRAMMED: CASE DEPOK CITY

Erna Ermawati Chotim

1

Jeanne Noveline Tedja

2

Universitas Nasional

*

e-mail: erna.chotim@civitas.unas.ac.id; jeane.noveline.tedja@civitas.unas.ac.id

*Correspondence: erna.chotim@civitas.unas.ac.id

Submitted

: 27

th

November 2022

Revised

: 17

th

December 2022

Accepted

: 22

th

December 2022

Abstract: As an effort to accelerate poverty alleviation, since 2007 the Government of Indonesia

has implemented PKH. The Social Protection Program, which is also known internationally as

Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT), has proven to be quite successful in overcoming the poverty

faced in these countries, especially the problem of chronic poverty. However, as a conditional social

assistance program, PKH has not made it easy for poor families, especially pregnant women and

children, to take advantage of the various health service facilities and educational service facilities,

available around them. The benefits of PKH have also begun to be encouraged to cover persons

with disabilities and the elderly by maintaining their level of social welfare in accordance with the

mandate of the constitution and the Nawacita of the President of the Republic of Indonesia. This

method uses a qualitative approach using relevant informants. The results of the study showed

that there were still findings of PKH maladministration by public service supervisory agencies

because socialization was not optimal. Second, there is still inaccurate recipient data so that there

are still families who are eligible to receive PKH assistance but do not receive it. On the other hand,

families who are not eligible receive assistance. Apart from the social development strategy by the

individual, there are other strategies such as the social development strategy by the community. In

addition, this PKH strategy focuses on community development and social development, then

there is also community action, participation and social development. Furthermore, there is a social

development strategy by the government that focuses on promoting social development through

integrated planning.

Keywords: Family of Hope Program (PKH), policy implementation, effectiveness.

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INTRODUCTION

The problem of poverty in Indonesia is a

social problem that is always relevant to be

studied continuously. The issue of poverty

has existed for a long time. It is still present

today, but because now the symptoms are

increasing in line with the multidimensional

crisis that the Indonesian nation is still

facing (Adewara & Olson, 2013; Nansadiqa

et al., 2019; Habibullah et al., 2012; Juwita,

et al., 2018; Martha & Aprilianti, 2012).

Indonesia is one of the developing

countries with a population that continues

to grow every year. The welfare of its

people is still far below the level of interest

of developed countries. Based on data from

the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of West

Sumatra in September 2019, the number of

poor people in West Sumatra reached

343.09 thousand people (6.29 percent). The

percentage of poor people in March 2019

in urban areas was 4.76 percent, while in

rural areas, it was 7.88 percent. From these

data, the government was seen had a

responsibility to improve the welfare of its

people's lives (Musaddad & Kriswibowo,

2021; Budhi & Kembar, 2013; Martha &

Aprilianti, 2012; CBI, 2013). Therefore, there

is a need for policies carried out by the

government to reduce poverty. Reducing

the poverty rate is a crucial policy step. The

government must carry it out as a

responsible development implementer to

achieve a prosperous life for the people of

Indonesia. Many developing countries have

implemented programs aimed at

alleviating poverty. In Indonesia, there have

been many programs aimed at poverty

alleviation, such as the development of

underdeveloped villages, village-level

development, integrated movements for

poverty alleviation, and many other

previous programs aimed at poverty

alleviation (Bangun et al., 2019; Musaddad

& Kriswibowo, 2021). Therefore, the West

Sumatra government, as an extension of

the central government, participates in

implementing the Family Hope Program

(PKH) as a step to improve the social

protection system to ease the burden on

poor households to gain access to health

services and primary education, to achieve

their goals. Program to eradicate poverty.

In 2007, Indonesia began to intensify the

PKH program in 7 provinces. It was first

launched in West Sumatra in July 2007 as a

pilot phase hoping that this program can

run as expected and be sustainable. The

launch of PKH was based on the problems

that occurred, namely that there were still a

large number of poor people and had low

human resources. For this reason, the

Family Hope Program was created to

accelerate poverty alleviation and the

development of the social security system.

He referred to the condition of the people

of South Coast Regency, especially the

District of Ranah Ampek Hulu, which has a

reasonably high number of poor people

and has obstacles in their children's

education. The Central Statistics Agency

has noted that the South Coast Regency of

West Sumatra is one of the provinces with

a comprehensive area coverage in

Indonesia. The highest number of poor

people in West Sumatra Province, namely

South Coast Regency which in March 2019,

the number of poor people (population

with per capita expenditure per year) per

capita per month below the Poverty Line) in

South Coast as many as 36.51 thousand

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people (7.88 percent), an increase of 1.59

thousand people compared to March 2018

conditions of 34.92 thousand people (7.59

percent). One of the ultimate goals of PKH

is to reduce the number and break the

chain of poverty, improve the quality of

human resources, and change behaviors

that do not support enhancing the welfare

of the poorest groups. In the

implementation of the program, of course,

there are no obstacles or things that can

interfere with the program's running. As

reported by the news media, Fajar

Indonesia Network, with a publication date

of December 11, 2019, stated that

Ombudsman Member Ahmad Suadi said

his party had found maladministration in

the implementation of PKH Ministry of

Social Affairs and the State Bank

Association (Himbara). One of them is the

slow process of handling complaints at the

regional level. There are also obstacles

related to PKH so far: regarding the validity

of the data on the eligibility of PKH

participants who are considered not to be

RTSM participants. At the same time, some

people are assessed as RTSM but are not

recorded and are not included as

prospective PKH participants. PKH shows

that the data collection and targeting of

this program are not correct.

Second, the assistance received by PKH

participants is used to meet daily

household life. Showing aid funds provided

have not been well targeted in terms of

their use, deviating from what was

targeted—reported from Tempo.com,

December 11, 2011. The obstacles in

distributing the budget for the Family Hope

Program; the block was regarding the

accuracy of PKH recipient data where there

were still families that were not eligible to

receive PKH assistance. However, the data

are listed as PKH recipient families. The

Kompasiana publication date of June 26,

2019, stated that many families were

deemed unfit to receive PKH assistance,

and also many RTSM were not registered as

PKH recipients. There are various

indications of problems reported by the

Indonesian news media regarding

implementing the PKH program. In

Tempo.com, Juliari Batubara, as the

Minister of Social Affairs, stated that there

are still problems in distributing the budget

in PKH. In line with what was conveyed by

the news media Kompasiana and Fajar

Indonesia Network, which stated that the

issue of PKH lies in the RTSM target, which

is not correct, and there are

maladministration errors in the

implementation of PKH. or RTSM at most

among other sub-districts. This area is a

transit area for transmigrants and is also a

border with Mukomuko Regency. With the

implementation of PKH in the District of

Ranah Ampek Hulu, it is necessary to have

coordination from related parties so that in

its performance, it can be on target and

minimize the possibility that unwanted

events will occur. This PKH assistance is

expected to help RTSM in the district of

Ranah Ampek Hulu to fulfill their life.

Literature review

This PKH research used the policy

implementation theory because the

approach and indicators in assessing

implementation are often equated in both

programs and policies. So that PKH in this

study can be explored using the view of the

747 | The Family Hope Program For Conditional Cash Transfer Programmed: Case Depok City

implementation of this policy. Policy

implementation in principle is a method so

that an approach can achieve its goals. The

series of policy implementation can be

observed, starting from the program to the

project and the activity. The model adapts

common mechanisms in management,

particularly public zone management.

Policies are derived in the form of programs

that are then reduced to projects. The

conclusion is in activities carried out by the

government, citizens, or in collaboration

between the government and citizens.

Implementation is defined as actions in

previous decisions. These actions include

efforts to change decisions into operational

activities within a certain period or continue

to achieve significant and small changes

attempted by public organizations to

achieve established goals. For a policy to

realize the desired goal, until the

preparation of the policy implementation

process must utilize available resources,

link people or groups of people in

implementation, interpret policies,

programs implemented must be planned

with good management, and provide

services and benefits to citizens. Several

aspects influence the implementation of

government programs with a decentralized

nature.

A program can be defined as a

comprehensive plan that includes the

future use of different resources in an

integrated pattern and establishes a

sequence of required actions and time

schedules for each to achieve the stated

objective. The makeup of a program can

include goals, policies, procedures,

methods, standards, and budgets. The

program in the context of public policy

implementation consists of several

sessions, namely: 1) Designing the program

along with the details of tasks and the

formulation of clear objectives,

determination of precise dimensions of

achievement and pay and time; 2)

Performing (application) programs by

utilizing structures as well as personnel,

funds and other sources, appropriate

procedures and procedures; 3) Develop

scheduling, monitoring, and appropriate

monitoring facilities and assessment

(results) of policy implementation. The

Family Hope Program is a social

encouragement program characterized by

giving it from the social department to

Poor Families, inaugurated as PKH

beneficiary families. As an effort to

accelerate poverty reduction, since 2007,

the Government of Indonesia has

conducted PKH. PKH is cross-Ministerial

and Institutional because the main actors

are the National Planning Agency, the

Ministry of Social Affairs, National Learning,

the Ministry of Religion, Communication,

and Information, and the Central Statistics

Agency. Success for the program, PKH

team, must be experts as to who

consultant. The Social Protection Program,

also known internationally as Conditional

Cash Transfers (CCT), has been proven to

be quite successful in overcoming the

poverty experienced in these countries,

especially the problem of chronic poverty.

As a conditional social encouragement

program, PKH opens access for low-income

families, especially mothers of two and

children, to use various health service

facilities (fakes) and learning service

facilities nearby. Benefits PKH is also

starting to encourage people with

Erna Ermawati Chotim

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disabilities and the elderly by maintaining

their level of social welfare. PKH's big

mission is to minimize poverty, considering

that the number of poor people in

Indonesia until March 2016 was still 10.86%

of the total population of 28.01 million

people. The government has set a target for

reducing poverty to 7-8% by 2019, as

stated in the 2015-2019 RPJMN. PKH is

expected to significantly lower the number

of poor people, reducing inequality (Gini

ratio) while increasing the Human

Development Index (HDI).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this study, the researcher used a

qualitative approach, namely conducting a

questionnaire and describing how the PKH

implementation occurred at the research

location. The interviews obtained are then

processed, and data is accepted to support

this research. This research focuses on the

District of Ampek Hulu District, South Coast

Regency, West Sumatra. The researcher

uses a descriptive qualitative approach,

which aims to obtain a complete picture of

a matter according to the human being

studied. Qualitative research deals with the

ideas, perceptions, opinions, or beliefs of

the studied people, all of which cannot be

measured by numbers. In qualitative

research, the researcher is the primary

research tool. Furthermore, a descriptive

technique described how PKH was

implemented in Ranah Ampek Hulu

District, South Coast Regency. Informants

in this study were the Head of Social

Welfare, Ranah Ampek Hulu District, PKH

Facilitator, Ranah Ampek Hulu District, Wali

Nagari District, and the Upper Ampek

Realm. The usual informants are KPM PKH.

The informants in this study were the

Head of Social Welfare, Ranah Ampek Hulu

District, PKH Facilitator, Ranah Ampek Hulu

District, Wali Nagari, Ranah Ampek Hulu

District. The usual informants are KPM PKH

using observation techniques, and

researchers directly observe the research

locus, which is located at Beriang Market at

- Jl. Kampung Tengah - Binjai, Nagari

Kampung Tengah Tapan, Pesisir Selatan

Regency, West Sumatra. Interviews were

conducted by going now to the informants

and asking things related to the main issues

following the interview guidelines made.

And in the interview process, researchers or

those who ask questions only listen

carefully, take notes and even record what

the informants say. Information analysis in

qualitative research is carried out when

information collection occurs, after the end

of information collection in a certain

period. At the time of the interview, the

researcher had carried out an analysis of

the answers from the informants. If the

interviewee's responses after being

analyzed feel unsatisfactory, the researcher

will continue the problem again until a

particular session to complete the required

information.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Upstream can be declared to have been

right on target. PKH implementation has

been appropriately achieved, starting from

the mechanisms and procedures. Suitability

amount assistance received by the

participants has gone well and is following

the general guidelines for the

implementation of PKH and the benefits of

749 | The Family Hope Program For Conditional Cash Transfer Programmed: Case Depok City

PKH funds which have eased the burden.

PKH participants in the fields of education,

health, and social welfare. However, there is

still a need for improvement regarding

KPM, who are no longer eligible to receive

assistance to have their data deleted as

PKH recipients, and vice versa. Resources in

the implementation of PKH in the Ranah

Ampek Hulu sub-district are following what

is requested as a requirement to become a

PKH companion, educated, informative.

They can be a good bridge in

communicating with KPMs of various

characters. And in carrying out their duties,

they also receive direct training from the

Indonesian Ministry of Social Affairs related

to the implementation of PKH.

Communication between organizations in

the implementation of PKH has been going

well from the coordination between PKH

facilitators for technical discussions on

implementation and discussions on PKH

KPM data. Communication between PKH

facilitators and PKH KPM has been very well

established. Conveyed directly by PKH

KPM, it can be seen from the absence of

complaints from KPM regarding the

implementation of this program.

Inseparable from the role of good

communication between PKH facilitators

and KPM.

In the indicators of implementing

attitudes, researchers can conclude that the

perspective of PKH implementing agents in

Ranah Ampek Hulu District has been going

well. Several informants as KPM PKH said

attitude facilitators towards their KPM

members had played a perfect role. It was

reflected in every socialization and other

PKH meeting activities that PKH facilitators

in Ranah Ampek Hulu District were very

nurturing and informative to the

community members. Members of the KPM

PKH. The indicators for the characteristics

of this implementing agent have been

running well. Based on the researcher's

assessment of the implementing agents

involved in the implementation of PKH in

the District of Ranah Ampek Hulu. A

structured implementation agency starting

from the central level and tiered down to

the PKH companion level. The cooperation

between fellow implementing agents is

excellent in terms of coordination and

control over each other. If there is one error

from one implementing agent, it can be

resolved quickly.

Social and economic environment

indicators, the researcher can conclude that

it is following the expected targets. The

social-economic was reflected in the good

social conditions of the KPM PKH. From the

financial side of the KPM, PKH usually

works as farm laborers on other people's

land; income from work as farm laborers is

not permanent. After all, there may be no

income in one day because there is no call

from landowners to work, so there is no

income. From a social point, the house's

condition inhabited by KPM PKH can be

said to be unfit for habitation. The body of

the house made of wood and the age of the

place that has been for decades makes it

uninhabitable, plus the number of

occupants that exceeds capacity, the size of

the house inhabited by three people but

inhabited by six people. The results of other

studies show that the implementation of

the Family Hope Program (PKH) in Ranah

Ampek Hulu District can be said to have

been going well. However, some things

must be improved when viewed from the

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six indicators used to see the

implementation of PKH in Ranah Ampek

Hulu District.

a) Policy Standards and Objectives; In

the standard indicators and policy

objectives, the researchers stated

that they had reached the right

target because it was not optimal

and still needed improvement in

their implementation. There were

still KPMs who were deemed

inappropriate to receive PKH

funding but still received PKH

funding assistance in the field.

There were still residents who were

considered eligible to receive PKH

funding assistance. Still, the data is

not listed as PKH KPM. It is not a big

problem to update data on the

social and economic conditions of

PKH PKM. If it is said that it is no

longer eligible to receive PKH

assistance, then the data will be

deleted as KPM vice versa. In terms

of benefits, PKH fund assistance has

a tremendous impact on the lives of

PKH KPMs; this can be seen in the

realization of funds that are directly

used by PKH KPM to meet

household needs and school needs

and can be seen from PKH KPM

children who had dropped out of

school due to lack of funds. But

since receiving PKH assistance, PKH

KPM can send their children back to

school.

b) Resource; In this resource indicator,

the researcher states that it has

been running well. Based on the

assessment of the human

resources, namely PKH facilitators

in Ranah Ampek Hulu District have

met the criteria for becoming a

PKH. And then, there is also

technical and implementation

training and computerization for

PKH facilitators. It is always direct

from the center in stages regarding

the implementation of this PKH.,

and PKH facilitators as resources

who have direct contact with PKH

KPMs have provided good

socialization. Then the financial

resources of this PKH program

come from central funds or the

state budget;

c) Characteristics of Implementing

Agents, the indicators of the

characteristics of implementing

agents have been running well.

Based on the researcher's

assessment of the implementing

agents involved in the

implementation of PKH in the

District of Ranah Ampek Hulu. A

structured implementation agency

starting from the central level and

tiered down to the PKH companion

level. The cooperation between

fellow implementing agents is

excellent in terms of coordination

and control over each other. If there

is one error from one implementing

agent, it can be resolved quickly.

d) Communication; In this

communication indicator, the

researcher assesses that the

communication indicators built by

the implementing agents have

gone well. The description of the

coordination between

implementing agents through the

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exposure of informants. And also

communication between PKH

facilitators and PKH KPM. For

example, technical socialization

withdrawals of PKH funds through

ATMs. The PKH assistant in Ranah

Ampek Hulu District directly

explained to his PKH KPM members

regarding the technical withdrawal

of funds through ATMs because

there are still many KPM members

unfamiliar with the Bank system

PKH fund withdrawals through the

post office.

e) Implementing attitude; In the

indicators of implementing

attitudes, researchers can conclude

that the perspective of PKH

implementing agents in Ranah

Ampek Hulu District has gone well.

Directly to several informants as

KPM PKH, who noted that the

attitude facilitators towards their

members had played a perfect role.

Reflected in every socialization and

other PKH meeting activities that

PKH facilitators in Ranah Ampek

Hulu District were very nurturing

and informative to the community

members of the KPM PKH.

f) Social and economic environment;

In the social and economic

environment indicators, the

researcher can conclude that it is

following the expected targets. The

good social and economic

conditions of the KPM PKH, from

the financial side of the KPM PKH,

usually work as farm laborers on

other people's land; income from

work as farm laborers is not

permanent. After all, there may be

no income in one day because

landowners call to work, so there is

no income: the social point, the

condition of the house inhabited by

KPM PKH to be unfit for habitation.

The body of the house made of

wood and the age of the place that

has been for decades makes it

uninhabitable, plus the number of

occupants that exceeds capacity,

the size of the house inhabited by

three people but inhabited by six

people.

Program Analysis

In the current pandemic era, community

groups are vulnerable to social problems,

whether economic, social, educational and

others. The problems that arise can be from

several factors, one of which is the

government's policy of imposing large-

scale social restrictions (PSBB). This can

happen because in the community there is

a small scope, it is difficult to get a job,

moreover it is difficult to access mobility

during the PSBB policy. So it is not

impossible to emerge poor families who

find it difficult to survive during a situation

like this. This condition also allows the

occurrence of social inequalities in society

that are striking, where the middle and

upper class of society who are able to

survive in a situation like this will be safe

and peaceful. Meanwhile, the lower middle

class or the poor will struggle to survive in

the present and will remain poor.

Poor or poverty itself is a condition of

the inability of individuals or groups

economically, but not only that, the failure

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to fulfill basic rights and different treatment

for a person or group of people in living life.

Poverty is divided into several forms and

characteristics, including absolute and

relative poverty, cultural and structural,

chronic and temporary. Limited capital and

human resources, geographical location or

location, declining global per capita

income, declining work ethic, high cost of

living and uneven distribution of income

subsidies are factors that affect poverty. As

for other factors of poverty, the first,

internal factors, namely factors that come

from within the individual himself. The

inability of an individual to do business or

be creative, makes their life poor, physically

disabled, lack of intellectual, mental and

psychological conditions. And second,

there are external factors that come from

outside the individual. Forms of influence

from outside enter into the part of external

factors, including limited social services,

limited employment opportunities,

development that is only physically

oriented to material, and public policies.

The Family Hope Program is a program

of providing conditional social assistance to

Poor Families (KM) designated as PKH

beneficiary families by the Ministry of Social

Affairs. The program with the international

term Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT) has

been operating since 2007 and has been

quite successful in overcoming poverty in

Indonesia. This program itself has a goal,

namely to improve the living standards of

the poor in Indonesia through access to

health, education and social welfare. Then

it also aims to reduce poverty and social

inequality by minimizing the burden of

spending and increasing family income.

Moreover, during a pandemic like now,

many families find it very difficult to get

income from several jobs that have been

limited by the government, in the context

of implementing policies to reduce the

number of victims of Covid-19. Of course,

families who can't afford it are very, very

overwhelmed to find solutions to problems

in their families. Starting from diseases that

arise due to lack of adequate intake for

health, household needs, to the costs that

must be paid for homes, schools and even

daily needs.

This program provides solutions for

underprivileged communities in carrying

out their daily lives, especially during the

pandemic. PKH itself provides assistance in

the form of cash and basic necessities

intended for pregnant women to school

children or a maximum of four people in

one family. The amount of cash assistance

issued by the government itself reached

around Rp 37.4 trillion for 10 million

Beneficiary Families (KPM). The breakdown

of the amount distribution is that families

with pregnant women or toddlers will get

Rp. 3.75 million per year, families with

elementary school children receive around

Rp. 1.12 million per year, junior high school

children Rp. 1.8 million per year, high

school children Rp. 2.5 million per year,

severe disability Rp. 3 million per year and

the elderly aged 70 years and over Rp. 3

million per year. This assistance program

continued until the Covid-19 pandemic

with the distribution of assistance every

month since April 2020 and usually every

three months (quarterly).

As one of the conditional social

assistance programs, PKH provides access

for poor families to take advantage of

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various health care facilities and

educational service facilities available in the

surrounding environment. PKH also serves

people with disabilities and the elderly. This

national program, according to the World

Bank, is considered the most cost-effective

program in terms of reducing poverty in a

country as well as reducing disparities

between poor groups. This program is also

a program that has the highest level of

effectiveness in reducing the Gini

coefficient. What is meant by the Gini

coefficient is a statistical measure that

shows the distribution or circulation of

expenditure per capita of the population in

an area. Various other studies have shown

that PKH is able to lift beneficiaries out of

the poverty zone and increase family

consumption. In fact, on a wider scale this

program is able to encourage stakeholders

at the Central and Regional Governments

to make improvements to health and

education infrastructure facilities.

In the context of social development,

PKH is one of the programs which believes

in a process of planned social change to

improve the welfare of society as a whole.

The purpose of this social development is

to raise social welfare from conditions of

social inequality, such as not fulfilling the

basic needs of the family and not creating

social opportunities. In order for social

development goals to be fulfilled, mature

strategies are needed as tools to achieve

prosperity, one of which is by holding this

PKH program. There are three types of

social development strategies that exist,

namely social development strategies for

individuals, social development strategies

by the community and social development

strategies by the government.

The Family Hope Program (PKH) is

actually more inclined to use social

development strategies for individuals in

empowering their communities. This

strategy explains that the welfare of society

as a whole can be raised when individuals

try to increase their own welfare. In this

strategy there are three ways, first, by

helping the culture of 'enterprise' or efforts

to support social progress where the

government also has an important role in

providing institutions to facilitate society.

Second, by creating small businesses for

people in need. The PKH program has been

very supportive in terms of providing

assistance in the form of cash to the

community. The government should also

provide services in the informal sector and

infrastructure development. Then the third,

by relying on individual abilities to increase

social welfare. Societies must be made to

function effectively and work confidently

according to their own abilities.

Apart from the social development

strategy by individuals, there are other

strategies such as social development

strategies by the community. Where this

strategy focuses on community

development and social development, then

there is also community action,

participation and social development.

Furthermore, there is a social development

strategy by the government that focuses on

promoting social development through

integrated planning. What is meant by

integrated planning here is development

planning that requires the government's

economic and social planning to be

carefully coordinated. Integrated planning

is none other than provided by the central

government to regional governments. The

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provision of PKH assistance in the form of

cash assistance provided by the central

government to local governments, namely

the Ministry of Social Affairs (Kemensos)

has collaborated with the Social Service. So

that every province in Indonesia receives

the PKH direct cash assistance. From the

province it was directly distributed to sub-

districts and then to poor households.

The government and the community are

also very important actors so that this

program can run smoothly. The

government, which has provided economic

stimulus to the people, must be used as

well as possible. Apart from meeting daily

needs, this cash assistance can be used as a

good start-up capital for small business

start-ups. Because there will be a time when

this country starts enacting policies that

make people not just stay at home. This can

really happen on condition that the

community complies with applicable health

rules and protocols. So it is very possible

that there will be a decrease in the level of

strictness of policies during the pandemic.

When that time comes, beneficiary

communities who have saved their money,

which may be left over from fulfilling their

needs, can be used to start new small

businesses, provided they do not have the

potential to create crowds. That way,

people will slowly not always depend on

government assistance, when they already

have this mindset. The community is

starting to be able to cover their daily

needs slowly, through the small business

process it can become a steady source of

income for a family

CONCLUSIONS

Implementation of PKH in the District

of Ranah Ampek Hulu using the

implementation theory of Van Meter and

Van Horn. The researchers can conclude

that implementing the Family Hope

Program (PKH) in the District of Ranah

Ampek Hulu has been going well. The

series or process of activities starting from

the initial socialization of program

implementation, program monitoring has

been going well. However, there are still a

few obstacles regarding the target in

determining residents as KPM. Namely,

some residents are still considered unfit to

be designated as KPM PKH, but in fact,

these residents received PKH funding

assistance. However, in this case, as the

implementing agent of PKH, he continues

to evaluate the KPM targets in receiving

PKH assistance. Perspective community as

a KPM, PKH has a tremendous impact and

benefit for the receiving family. KPM who

have realized the importance of education

so that the dropout rate decreases. KPM

will send their children to school, prioritize

their children's education, and forget the

needs of households that PKH funds have

assisted.

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