JRSSEM 2022, Vol. 02, No. 4, 522 – 532

E-ISSN: 2807 - 6311, P-ISSN: 2807 - 6494

10.36418/jrssem.v2i04.283 https://jrssem.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/jrssem

REHABILITATION METHODS OF RASUNA SAID HOUSE IN

AGAM REGENCY, WEST SUMATRA

I Nengah Tela

Riki Adriadi

Jonny Wongso

Lecturer Department of Architecture, University of Bung Hatta, Padang

Lecturer Department of Building Services Engineering, University of Bung Hatta, Padang

Lecturer Department of Architecture, University of Bung Hatta, Padang

e-mail: nengahtela@bunghatta.ac.id, rikiadriadi@bunghatta.ac.id,

jonnywongso@bunghatta.ac.id

*Correspondence: nengahtela@bunghatta.ac.id

Submitted

: 07

November 2022

Revised

: 17

November 2022

Accepted

: 25

November 2022

Abstract: Efforts to preserve buildings, especially cultural heritage buildings, can be carried out in various

ways depending on the type of damage to the building. Likewise, the damage to the building is caused

by many factors, and if the cause of the damage is known, then it is necessary to find out how to carry

out rehabilitation/treatment that is most appropriate to the type of damage that occurred. Meanwhile,

in Indonesia, the manual for repairing cultural heritage buildings does not yet have the same standard.

For this reason, research is needed to determine how to rehabilitate cultural heritage buildings, because

the way the work is done has a different method from buildings in general. Rasuna Said's house is one

of the cultural heritage buildings located in Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province. Historically, this

building was once the home of Hj. Rasuna Said, a well-known National Hero who was persistent in

fighting for the independence of the Indonesian people during the Dutch colonial period. To honor his

struggle and preserve the history of this house building, in 2017 the Government has designated Rasuna

Said's house as a National Rank cultural heritage by decree of the Minister of Education and Culture

Number 370/M/2017 [1]. Tela (2021), stated that from the results of previous research, regarding Rasuna

Said's house, it was stated that this house suffered a lot of damage, both on the roof, roof wood frame,

and building walls. Therefore, to follow up on the results of the research, the researcher considers it

necessary to conduct research on the work method of repairing damage to the cultural heritage building

of Rasuna Said's house in Agam Regency, West Sumatra. This research is devoted to examining the

method of repairing architectural components. Because the building of Rasuna Said's house based on

the results of previous research, damage occurred to architectural components consisting of roofs,

ceilings, walls, windows, doors and floors of the building. By using the method of collecting data through

field observations/observations and the desk study method, namely the method of collecting data and

information through the study and analysis of data and information using secondary data, either in the

form of reports, references, photos and maps. The analysis that will be carried out is data processing to

produce a plan document for the rehabilitation of cultural heritage buildings by considering the data

from measurements, descriptions, identification, photography and research that has been carried out.

This rehabilitation method is to obtain results that are in accordance with the initial building, both in

terms of form, material and the way the rehabilitation works. The results of this study are the basis for

the preparation of a building improvement plan which includes the concept of improvement and

recommendations on how to carry out repairs to the Rasuna Said house as a cultural heritage building.

Keywords: Rehabilitation Methods, Culture Heritage, Rasuna Said House.

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10.36418/jrssem.v2i04.283 https://jrssem.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/jrssem

INTRODUCTION

The method of rehabilitating buildings

in order to maintain the preservation of

Cultural Conservation buildings is an

absolute thing that must be done. Because

the building has a period of time for

different treatments depending on the

quality of the material used for the building

in question. Based on the regulation of the

Minister of Public Works number 24 of 2008

concerning Guidelines for Building

Maintenance and Maintenance [1]. Building

maintenance is an activity to maintain the

reliability of the building along with its

infrastructure and facilities so that the

building is always functional while building

maintenance is an activity to repair and/or

replace building parts, components,

building materials, and/or infrastructure

and facilities so that the building remains

intact. decent function. Cultural heritage

buildings have a specialty in carrying out

repairs, meaning that repairs cannot be

carried out like repairs in general. In the

regulation of the Minister of Public Works

and Public Housing of the Republic of

Indonesia Number 01 of 2015 concerning

preserved cultural heritage buildings, it is

stated in article 8 paragraph 2, the building

safety requirements consist of: a. structural

components must be able to guarantee the

fulfillment of the building's ability to

support loads, prevent and overcome fire

hazards, lightning hazards, and natural

disasters; b. the use of flammable original

materials must receive certain treatment

(fire retardant treatment); and c. the use of

new materials must be non-combustible [2].

The rehabilitation method for Cultural

Conservation buildings is not the same as

the general building implementation

method. Cultural Conservation Law No. 11

of 2010 Chapter VII Article 53 paragraph (3),

the procedure for preserving cultural

heritage must consider the possibility of

returning to its initial condition as before

conservation activities. When carrying out

rehabilitation, it must be carried out

through efforts to restore the condition of

a cultural heritage building so that it can be

used efficiently for its current function by

means of certain repairs or changes while

maintaining historical, architectural, and

cultural values [3]. In maintaining the

originality of the building as it was in its

original state, it is necessary to take

appropriate rehabilitation steps, such as

making repairs using wood materials, and

repairing walls using a mixture of cement,

lime.

The research conducted by Tela, et al

(2021) stated that the condition of the

damage to the building of Rasuna Said's

house can be categorized into moderate

damage. The components that were

damaged were architectural elements, with

a percentage of damage below 35%. While

the structural elements can be categorized

as still functioning properly. As a result of

changes made to the building so that it is

no longer in accordance with its original

condition, the Cultural Conservation

building is categorized as moderately

damaged [4]. Research conducted such as

Arief Subakti Ariyanto 2020 in his article

entitled Analysis of Types of Damage to

High-rise Buildings [5]. Research by Eko

Sudarmono, (2010). Analysis of prioritizing

the rehabilitation of public elementary

524 | Rehabilitation Methods of Rasuna Said House In Agam Regency, West Sumatra

school buildings in regional development

planning in Tulung Agung Regency [6]. This

research is how the working method to

restore this building to its original state. For

this reason, this research takes the title

"Method of rehabilitation of Rasuna Said's

house as a Cultural Heritage Building in

Agam Regency, West Sumatra".

MATERIALS AND METHODS

a. General approach

Planning for the restoration of Rasuna

Said's house is carried out through a

conservation approach and principles by

considering the important value of the

building and the technical principles of

preservation as follows:

1) The authenticity of the material, the

authenticity of the design, the

authenticity of the workmanship, and the

authenticity of the setting are maintained

as much as possible.

2) The original part of the object that has

been damaged or weathered and has

high archaeological value, as far as

possible is maintained by means of

conservation; replacement with new

material is only done if it is technically

impossible to do it by means of

conservation and must be distinguished

from the original and properly

documented.

3) The method of preservation must be

"reversible", meaning that the materials

and methods of preservation must be

corrected, if in the future better materials

and technology are found and guarantee

the condition of their sustainability.

4) Conservation handling techniques must

be effective, efficient, durable and safe

for objects and the environment.

A. Implementation Method

The stages of work in the Rasuna Said

House Rehabilitation Planning are carried

out in the following stages:

a) Initial measurement and identification

This stage is the research and

documentation stage which consists of

collecting data such as photos of the

location and its surroundings, the

existing condition of the house and its

environment. The existing conditions will

be taken into consideration in future

planning.

b) Architectural Recovery Plan and

Structural Improvement

At this stage the planning team will

provide an overview of the existing

condition of the damaged building, the

factors causing it, the extent of the

damage, and the plan for its handling.

Each damage condition is informed in

detail accompanied by photos, pictures

and required information. Management

plans in the form of architectural

restoration and structural repairs are also

informed in detail along with photos,

drawings and required information,

required costs, implementation methods,

and implementation schedule.

c) Development of plans

At this stage, sketch drawings are

finalized in the form of planning

drawings, already containing cost

calculations and technical specifications

including architectural material elements.

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d) Finalization of the Design

All planning stages have been completed

including previous reports, it is only a

matter of perfecting if there are revisions.

Technical drawings and 3D visualizations

must be completed together with the

final collection of all reports.

e) Implementation of Rehabilitation

Carry out rehabilitation together with

lecturers, students and the local community.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Rasuna Said's house is located at Jalan

Udin Rahmani No. 135 Panyinggahan

Jorong Kubu Baru Nagari Maninjau,

Tanjung Raya District, Agam Regency, West

Sumatra Province. According to some

sources, this house was completed in 1917

and the number 1917 was also found on

the concrete pillar of the fence to the right

of the entrance. The plan of the house is

rectangular, with a two-story building. The

building materials are made of wood and

concrete, such as the roof with zinc material,

the first floor with ceramic material on the

front and middle, the back floor using

cement. While the second floor of this

house building uses boards with wood

construction materials. Tela (17).

1. Methods of Rehabilitation of Rasuna

Said's House The planning for the

rehabilitation of Rasuna Said's house was

made based on the results of previous

research, where one of the

recommendations from the research

results was to make a method for the

rehabilitation or maintenance of Rasuna

Said's house as a Cultural Heritage Building.

The following will explain the method of

each element of the house that will be

rehabilitated.

1.1 Floor Rehabilitation Methods.

The first floor of the house will be returned

to its original position, namely the stage-

shaped floor is under the floor. For the first

floor, the material will also be returned by

reinstalling the wooden floor. Because the

current condition of the floor is to use a

ceramic floor that has been changed from

the shape and material of the floor when

the building was first built. To restore the

condition of the floor to its original shape,

it is done by raising the middle floor so that

it is parallel to the floor at the front. The

position of the floor beams is right above

the rectangular foundation that protrudes

above the tiled floor now. Installation of

wooden floors by not dismantling the

existing ceramic floors. The floor

framework uses wood with good quality,

no defects and selected wood in a

completely dry condition. Before installing

all wooden frames must be sprayed against

termites. The condition of the floor is now

as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Existing condition of the 1st floor.

The method of working on the 1st floor,

namely the wooden floor framework is

installed on an existing foundation with a

526 | Rehabilitation Methods of Rasuna Said House In Agam Regency, West Sumatra

height of 80 cm from the current floor

surface or the floor level is parallel to the

surface of the front porch floor. The floor

framework uses wooden beams with a size

of 8 x 15 cm, mounted on the foundation

on the column and the foundation on the

wall mounted transversely from the floor

plan position. Furthermore, the wooden

beam frame above the transverse beam is

installed with a transverse beam measuring

6 x 15 cm with a distance of 60 cm between

one beam and another. The detailed

drawing of the wooden floor installation is

shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Details of wood floor installation

Furthermore, on the beam measuring

6 x 15 cm, a floor plank with a size of 3 x 30

cm is installed as a floor covering. The

boards are installed parallel to the neat,

tight, no gaps between one board with

another board. So that the installation is

neat and there are no gaps or cavities, the

board is formed with a groove and tongue

system, as shown in Figure 3. As a finishing

of the wooden floor, then the board is

polished and polished, the floor polishing

material is a coating layer of solvent base

type, the method of use follows

manufacturer's instructions.

The method of working on the second floor,

to restore the floor material to its original

condition, is to use boards, as in Figure 4.5,

the floor that currently uses plywood will be

demolished. The demolition must be

carried out very carefully so that the

wooden floor frame is not damaged. After

the plywood floor has been dismantled, a

careful inspection of the floor framework is

carried out to determine if there is any

damage to the wooden frame. If it is found

that there is a damaged wooden frame

such as being eaten by termites, repairs will

be carried out, both minor repairs and

moderate repairs.

Figure 3. 2nd floor using plywood finishing

The method of carrying out the work

on the wooden floor on the second floor is

the same as the installation on the first floor,

because on the second floor, a frame made

of wood is used. The replacement of the

wooden frame is carried out on damaged

wood, while the plywood as a floor

covering is replaced by all, by dismantling

all the installed plywood. After all the

plywood is dismantled, then check all the

wooden frames carefully. If a damaged

wooden frame is found, whether lightly

damaged, moderately damaged, or heavily

damaged, it must be repaired first before

the floor covering is installed.

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Figure 4. Second Floor Rehabilitation Plan

4.1.2

Wall Rehabilitation Method The walls

of Rasuna Said's house are made of wood

and bricks. The walls with brick material are

installed on the first floor, while the walls on

the second floor use wood or boards. The

condition of the exterior brick walls of the

house, the plaster is porous and the paint is

peeling off. For porous walls, repairs must

be made using the same material. How to

repair a porous wall, first stripping the layer

of porous brick walls until the masonry is

visible. After stripping, the wall is ready to

be plastered using a mixture of cement,

sand and water. A mixture of cement and

sand with a ratio of 1 to 4, namely 1 cement

and 4 sand or following the requirements

specified in the concrete standard.

Figure 5. Damage to brick walls

In carrying out the rehabilitation of the

brick wall, the first work to be done is the

work of stripping the layer of porous walls

or plaster. After all layers of porous walls

are opened, plastering materials are

prepared, plastering materials, namely

good quality sand, cement and clean water

so that the cement and sand mixture binds

perfectly. The working tools for plastering

are; A hoe is used to make stucco mortar, a

mortar / mortar spoon is used to attach the

stucco mortar to a brick wall, a bucket is

used to measure the mortar and is used to

take water and to carry the stucco mortar,

thread is used as a tool for workers to guide

workers so that the plaster wall is flat and

smooth. perpendicular, nails are used as

thread hooks and a reference after the

measurement is complete, hammer is used

to drive nails, lot is used as a tool to ensure

flatness or perpendicularity, water tanks are

used to collect water for plastering needs,

sand sieve is used to cover sand from dirt

and stones, ondrong a tool that functions

to flatten the stucco mixture when it is

attached to a brick wall, pauser a tool that

functions to flatten the stucco mixture that

has been affixed using a mortar or mortar

spoon, this tool is usually made of long

rectangular wood, or of aluminum.

4.1.3 Stairs Rehabilitation Method There

are two types of stairs in Rasuna Said's

house, namely stairs made of concrete and

stairs made of wood. Stairs made of

concrete are stairs from the main house

building which is in the middle to the

kitchen at the back. The condition of the

concrete stairs is still good, it's just that

maintenance needs to be done because the

paint on this staircase has been peeling off

a lot. This concrete staircase maintenance

528 | Rehabilitation Methods of Rasuna Said House In Agam Regency, West Sumatra

method is first carried out by stripping all

existing layers of paint by brushing with an

iron brush and assisted by sanding so that

the paint layer is completely clean. Cleaning

with sandpaper so as not to release a lot of

dust can be done by watering or wetting it

when sanding. After all the layers of paint

have been removed or are clean, the next

step is painting. If there are pores or small

holes on the stairs wall, the pores are closed

first with dompol and followed by

plastering the entire surface of the staircase

wall. Finally, a painting job is done with

good quality wall paint as desired.

Figure 6. wooden stair railing

The rear middle staircase currently does not

exist because it was opened during

renovations in 2013 by PT. Garuda

Indonesia through its CSR funds. The rear

ladder will be reassembled according to the

original position of the ladder, and will use

the same wood material with good quality

and strength. The wood chosen is wood

that is completely dry so that there is no

shrinkage of the wood when the ladder is

installed. The last job as finishing the stairs

was done by painting with the same paint

color and paint quality as the existing

wooden stairs paint.

Figure 7. The wooden staircase of Rasuna

Said's house.

B. Recommendation

Based on research conducted on the

building of Rasuna Said's house, it has been

produced in accordance with the expected

objectives, that the method of

rehabilitation of Rasuna Said's house is

carried out based on the level of damage

from each building element, both

architectural elements and structural

elements of the building. The principle that

needs to be considered in carrying out

rehabilitation is to make changes to the

shape as minimal as possible. After this

research is conducted, it is hoped that the

results of this research can be used as a

guide in carrying out the rehabilitation of

Rasuna Said's house and other similar

buildings. Furthermore, when carrying out

rehabilitation so that it can run as well as

possible, serious supervision must be

carried out so that the desired results are

achieved and the authenticity of this house

is maintained.

DISCUSSION

Rehabilitation The rehabilitation or

maintenance referred to in this study is the

technical planning of cultural heritage

buildings in the context of restoration

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efforts by restoring the condition of a

cultural heritage building so that it can be

used efficiently for its current function by

means of certain repairs or changes while

maintaining historical, architectural and

cultural values. [7] In Law No. 11 of 2010

concerning Cultural Conservation in article

77 it is stated, Restoration of damaged

Cultural Conservation Buildings and

Cultural Conservation Structures is carried

out to restore physical conditions by

repairing, strengthening, and/or preserving

them through reconstruction,

consolidation, rehabilitation, and

restoration [8]. Rehabilitation is repairing

partially damaged buildings with the

intention of using them according to

certain fixed functions, both architecture

and building structures are maintained as

before, while utilities can be changed. [9].

The research will guide the existing

regulations to analyze the damage and

determine the method of rehabilitation of

Rasuna Said's house, as well as other

theories in accordance with the planning

for the rehabilitation of cultural heritage

buildings. Based on previous research,

namely the analysis of the restoration of the

Rasuna Said house as a cultural heritage

building, it is known the types of damage

to the building, both structural damage and

architectural damage. 2.2 Degree of

Building Damage According to the

Regulation of the Minister of Public Works

Number 24 of 2008, that building damage

is the non-functioning of the building or

building components due to

shrinkage/expiration of the age of the

building, or due to human activities or

natural behavior such as overloading of

functions, fire, earthquake, or other similar

causes. The intensity of damage to

buildings can be classified into three levels

of damage [10], namely: 1. Minor Damage

a). Minor damage is damage, especially to

non-structural components, such as roof

coverings, ceilings, floor coverings, and

infill walls. b). Treatment for minor damage,

the maximum cost is 35% of the highest

unit price for the construction of a new

building that applies, for the same

type/class and location. 2.Medium damage

a). Moderate damage is damage to some

non-structural components, and or

structural components such as roof

structures, floors, and others. b). Treatment

for moderate damage, the maximum cost is

45% of the highest unit price for the

construction of new buildings that apply,

for the same type/class and location.

3.Heavy damage a). Serious damage is

damage to most of the building

components, both structural and non-

structural, which, after being repaired, can

still function properly. The maximum fee is

65% of the highest unit price for the

construction of a new building that applies,

for the same type/class and location. Based

on the directorate general of education and

culture that the level of damage to each

building component is determined in 5

(five) categories, namely very lightly

damaged, lightly damaged, moderately

damaged, heavily damaged and very

heavily damaged [11]. Damage to buildings

can occur in building elements such as in;

a.Foundation The foundation is the main

structural component located at the

bottom which serves to support a building

period. b. Column Column is an element

that is formed vertically in the form of

support poles that resist the axial

530 | Rehabilitation Methods of Rasuna Said House In Agam Regency, West Sumatra

compressive forces of the building. The

percentage of column damage in one mass

of the building is the resultant damage to

the columns of the building. c.Beam Beam

is an element that is formed horizontally

which is also known as a flexural element

that resists the transverse force and

transmits it to the column. The percentage

of beam damage in 1 building mass is the

resultant damage to the beams of the

building. d.Floor Plate Floor slab is a floor

that is not located above the ground

directly, is a floor level that divides between

one level and another level. e.Roof damage

is the sum of the damage to the roof

covering and the roof truss structure,

including the curtains. The percentage of

roof damage in 1 building mass is the

resultant percentage of the damaged roof

compared to the entire roof of the building.

f.Wall The percentage of wall damage in 1

building mass is the resultant percentage of

the damaged wall area compared to the

total number of walls in the building. g.

Ceiling Damage to the ceiling is the sum of

the damage to the ceiling and the ceiling

frame structure. The percentage of roof

damage in 1 building mass is the resultant

percentage of the damaged roof compared

to the entire roof of the building. h.Window

(glass), door, Kosen Percentage of work.

The use of windows, doors, and frames

in 1 building mass is the resultant sum of

the number of windows, doors, and frames

in that building. i.Floor The percentage of

floor damage in 1 building mass is the

resultant area of the damaged floor

compared to the total floor area of the

building. Based on the level of damage to

the building, further rehabilitation will be

carried out to restore it according to the

level of distress. Rehabilitation is restoring

a previous state so it can function properly

in its former state. Rehabilitation is defined

as a recovery process to reach its original

state when an object has been damaged or

destroyed (Subramaniam, 2016) [12]. The

reasons for an object or building to

rehabilitate are; damage due to

environmental effects, functional

requirements or new loading which

includes modifications to the structure, and

accidental damage.

As stated in the Burra Charter

(ICOMOS), [17] preservation must maintain,

repair or show as much historical traces as

possible on a historical object, whether it is

a building or an artifact. In addition, the

preservation must also consider the safety,

maintenance, and future of these historical

objects. The final use of a preserved

building is also very important. In the

Cultural Conservation Law number 11 of

2010, article 77 states that the Restoration

of Cultural Conservation Buildings and

Structures is carried out to restore physical

conditions by repairing, strengthening,

and/or preserving them through

reconstruction,consolidation, rehabilitation,

and restoration works. Furthermore, in the

restoration of Cultural Conservation must

pay attention to a) the originality of the

material, shape, layout, style, and/or

workmanship technology; b) original

condition; c) use of techniques, methods,

and materials; and d) competence of

implementers in the field of restoration.

CONCLUSIONS

Efforts to preserve buildings, especially

cultural heritage buildings, can be carried

out in various ways depending on the type

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of damage to the building. Therefore, to

follow up on the results of the research, the

researcher considers it necessary to

conduct research on the work method of

repairing damage to the cultural heritage

building of Rasuna Said's house in Agam

Regency, West Sumatra. The results of this

study are the basis for the preparation of a

building improvement plan which includes

the concept of improvement and

recommendations on how to carry out

repairs to the Rasuna Said house as a

cultural heritage building.

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