JRSSEM 2022, Vol. 02, No. 1, 128 – 133
E-ISSN: 2807 - 6311, P-ISSN: 2807 - 6494
DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v2i1.248 https://jrssem.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/jrssem/index
LEGAL POLICY OF THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT TO
ACHIEVE NET ZERO EMISSIONS
Vikram Surya Husada
1*
Iwan Erar Joesoef
2
1,2
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Indonesia
e-mail: vikramsurya1904@gmail.com
*Correspondence: vikramsurya1904@gmail.com
Submitted: 27 July 2022, Revised: 04 August 2022, Accepted: 25 August 2022
Abstract. In 2016, Indonesia is a country that has agreed to the contents of the Paris Agreement.
The contents of the Paris Agreement have been ratified into Indonesian law number 16 of 2016.
The Indonesian government is targeting to achieve Net Zero Emissions by 2060. This study aims to
achieve Net Zero Emissions by 2060, the Indonesian government is committed to reducing
emissions by 29% (without conditions) or 41% (conditional) in 2030, which can be achieved by
encouraging the use of new and renewable energy (EBT) by 23% by 2025. This study uses normative
juridical methods to review policies and improve regulations for the Net Zero Emissions program
by obtaining existing literature, theories, concepts, principles, and rules related to the legal
perspective. Appropriate and consistent energy policies, including a long-term strategy to increase
the use of new and renewable energy, are needed to achieve emission reduction targets. Policies
made by the Indonesian government should reduce fossil fuels, develop environmentally friendly
technologies and start increasing the use of new and renewable energy. It is very important to
strengthen carbon emission reduction policies by considering all aspects to achieve the goal of
2060 without carbon emissions.
Keywords: net zero emission; legal policy; government
Vikram Surya Husada, Iwan Erar Joesoef | 129
DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v2i1.248 https://jrssem.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/jrssem/index
INTRODUCTION
Climate change has become a
phenomenon that has been highlighted in
recent years. Countries in the world,
including Indonesia, are also preparing
policy steps to deal with phenomena
related to climate change (Schwanitz,
2013). Conference on Parties (COP) 21 Paris
has agreed to limit the increase in global
temperature to below the threshold of 2
degrees Celsius, and some have even urged
to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
It is therefore important to reaffirm the
obligations that bind developed countries
under the United Nations Framework on
Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC) to
support the efforts of developing countries
(Linnerooth-Bayer & Mechler, 2015); (Gao
et al., 2017).
Carbon emissions are a contributor to
climate change along with greenhouse gas
emissions. Excessive gas emissions can
cause global warming or the greenhouse
effect. This results in a significant increase
in Earth's temperature. The effect of
excessive carbon emissions is that
environmental damage greatly affects
human life because humans live side by
side with the environment. Environmental
pollution occurs when the material cycle in
the environment changes so that the
balance in terms of structure and function
is disturbed (Balter et al., 2021).
The environment has a crucial role for
human existence and survival. Even from
birth while still in the stomach,
environmental factors as an inseparable
component of the life of living things.
Therefore, no matter how we look at the
various entities that exist in the
environment for the survival of human life,
the presence of these environmental
objects is crucial for their presence.
Currently, the transportation sector is the
main sector in terms of contributing to air
pollution in urban areas. Actually not only
transportation as a contributor to air
pollution, many other things such as
industry. However, the biggest contributor
to air pollution is transportation, especially
in big cities in indonesia. This is a challenge
for the indonesian government in order to
achieve net zero carbon in 2060. Based on
the background of the problem described
above, in this study the identification of the
problem can be formulated as follows: 1.
What are the problem indonesian
government in implementing net zero
emission?. 2. How is the implementation of
net zero carbon policy in indonesia?. This
study aims to reduce environmental
pollution that causes global warming.
Energy is one of the focuses in achieving
the NZE program. Various countries,
including indonesia, have issued new
regulations on electricity supply to meet
the NZE program.
METHODS
This study uses a normative juridical
method to review policies and improve the
regulation of the Net Zero Emissions
program by obtaining existing literature,
theories, concepts, principles, and rules
related to a legal perspective. Normative
juridical method or library research is
research that examines document studies,
using various secondary data such as
legislation, court decisions, legal theory,
and can be in the form of scholarly
130 | Legal Policy of the Indonesian Government to Achieve Net Zero Emissions
opinions. Where the nature of this study
reveals the laws and regulations relating to
legal theories as the object of study.
Likewise the law in its implementation in
society with regard to the object of study.
Sources of Legal Materials Sources of
legal materials used in this study consist of:
a. Primary legal materials are legal
materials that are binding and include
laws and regulations related to the
issues to be investigated, such as: Law
Number 16 of 2016 tentang ratification
of the Paris Agreement To The United
Nations Framework Convention On
Climate Change
(Leggett, 2020) ; Law
Number 32 of 2009 concerning
Environmental Protection and
Management (Edwards & Heiduk,
2015); Regulation of the Minister of
Environment and Forestry Number
P.20/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/3/2017
concerning Quality Standards for
Exhaust Gas Emissions for New Type
Motor Vehicles Category M, Category
N, and Category O (Nagpure et al.,
2016).
b. Secondary legal materials are legal
materials related to primary legal
materials such as Court Decisions, the
results of scholarly scientific works,
study results related to policy and
carbon emission.
c. Tertiary legal materials are materials that
provide instructions or explanations for
primary and secondary legal materials
such as legal dictionaries,
encyclopedias, etc.
The technique of collecting legal
materials used in this research is library
research, namely through a search for laws
and regulations, documents and books and
other scientific works in accordance with
the object to be studied.
A process or effort to process data into
new information so that the characteristics
of the data become easier to understand
and useful for solving problems, especially
those related to study. All paragraphs must
be indented. All paragraphs must be
justified.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1. Problem Indonesian government in
implementing Net Zero Emission
Efforts made to achieve NZE require
a gradual process with a long duration.
The transition to NZE should also be
considered factors such as the electrical
energy required and the potential of
renewable energy owned, trade
balance, and infrastructure readiness.
Invest with large sums of funds must
also be considered to prepare for the
transition to the NZE. The funds are
used for fossil energy transition into
renewable energy, procurement of
supporting infrastructure, and
preparation of human resources who
have high skills (Reyseliani & Purwanto,
2021). Regarding the obstacles faced by
the Indonesian Government in
implementing the Net Zero Emission
Policy as follows:
a. Primary energy supply is still based
on fossil energy.
b. Growth in the number of vehicles in
the transportation sector is very
high, however this is not balanced
by fuel consumption towards a
Vikram Surya Husada, Iwan Erar Joesoef | 131
higher RON and even the potential
for fuel subsidies to increase.
c. Governance that has not been
running properly, and not yet
optimal financing of climate change
from domestic sources. Renewable
energy has not developed as
expected (Cerqueira et al., 2021).
Various obstacles in implementing
the net zero emission policy have made
this policy still not optimal. The large
number of power plants that use coal
is also a factor constraining the
implementation of this policy. In
addition, it is still difficult to develop
new renewable energy in Indonesia.
The use of new renewable energy is still
very small compared to the use of fossil
energy. This will be a serious challenge
for the Indonesian government to
achieve the target of net zero emissions
by 2060. The government must
immediately make regulations that
support this policy and must
immediately implement it. The energy
and transportation sectors are still not
optimal in making the transition. In
addition, there is still a lot of illegal
logging. Indonesia is one of the
countries that has a very large forest
area, but if a lot of forests are damaged,
then this will be an inhibiting factor in
achieving the goal of net zero carbon
by 2060.
2. The Implementation of Net Zero
Carbon Policy in Indonesia
In addition to the challenges that
must be faced, the Government of
Indonesia is also preparing a policy
strategy to support the net zero
emission target by 2060. These policies
include (Kanugrahan et al., 2022):
a. Decrease in Intensity Energy
(Energy Efficiency).
b. New Renewable Energy.
c. Transition to Vehicles Electricity.
d. Forest Reforestation.
e. Peat Restoration and Mangrove
Rehabilitation.
f. Deforestation Prevention.
g. Fire Prevention Land and Peat.
h. Production Decrease Liquid waste.
i. Removal of Fuel Subsidy.
j. Carbon Tax Implementation.
From that scenario, net zero
emission 2045 & 2050 in Indonesia
requires additional area 300-350
thousand ha and increase reforestation
of 250 ha of existing policies. Net Zero
Emission Scenario need level upgrade
energy efficiency up to 6 - 6.5% in 2050.
Policy to Increase EBT significantly in
Final Energy Mix must be accompanied
by a Decrease in Energy Intensity
(Energy Efficiency Policy) if Indonesia
wants to achieve the Net Zero Emission
target in every scenario. NRE power
plants and nuclear power plants must
achieve 100% of the primary energy
mix in each year the Net Zero Emission
target. Commitment and
Multistakeholder Collaboration
requires for planning development Net
Zero Emissions Indonesia, To Save
Indonesia Gold 2045 from the Climate
Crisis and Middle Income Trap. Need
incentives and disincentives based on
carbon emissions as well as optimizing
green diplomacy. While in the financing
aspect, transfer funds are needed based
132 | Legal Policy of the Indonesian Government to Achieve Net Zero Emissions
on environmental commitments, the
development of a national carbon
market, as well as the mainstreaming of
low-carbon financing in various
instruments.
The implementation of law number
16 of 2016 must be carried out
immediately, because if it is not carried
out immediately, the resulting impact
will be very dangerous for the health of
the earth and also the citizens of the
country. The environmental law has
contained criminal and civil sanctions to
support the implementation of this net
zero carbon policy. While the
Regulation of the Minister of
Environment and Forestry Number
P.20/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/3/2017
concerning Quality Standards for
Exhaust Gas Emissions for New Type
Motor Vehicles Category M, Category
N, and Category O is one of the
derivatives to reduce carbon emissions
from the transportation sector.
CONCLUSIONS
The legal politics for net zero emissions
from a legal perspective is the protection of
environmental sustainability and also to get
healthy air that can be enjoyed by all
Indonesian citizens. In the effort to protect
and manage the environment, the factors
supervision plays an important role for
the realization of the preservation of the
function environment. Therefore, the
authorized official carry out mandatory
supervision to supervise the obedience of
business actors and/or activities against the
relevant laws and regulations with
environmental protection and
management and permits environment.
The application of criminal sanctions must
be enforced as a way of tackling
environmental problems. However, the
application of criminal sanctions as a
ultimumremidium. Felt less than optimal in
following up the problem of criminal acts of
environmental pollution. In general the civil
case process takes quite a long time, on the
other hand the application of
administrative sanctions results in the
closure of the industry, and have an impact
on workers who then become unemployed
and can lead to high rates of crime and
crime.
There are still many obstacles that must
be resolved by the current government to
immediately implement this policy.
Basically, all stakeholders must work
together to implement this net zero
emission policy, because the longer it is
postponed, the more severe the
environmental damage will be. Therefore,
the Government must immediately find a
solution to overcome the obstacles in the
implementation of this policy. The solution
that has been made must be implemented
immediately because Indonesia has also
approved the results of the Paris agreement
related to reducing carbon emissions.
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© 2022 by the authors. Submitted
for possible open access publication
under the terms and conditions of the Creative
Commons Attribution (CC BY SA) license
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