JRSSEM 2022, Vol. 02, No. 1, 109 – 127

E-ISSN: 2807 - 6311, P-ISSN: 2807 - 6494

DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v2i1.246 https://jrssem.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/jrssem/index

IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC POLICY

Harson Towalu

Postgraduate Bina Taruna University Gorontalo, Indonesia

e-mail: harson670@gmail.com

*Correspondence: harson670@gmail.com

Submitted: 27 July 2022, Revised: 04 August 2022, Accepted: 25 August 2022

Abstract. Population development policies related to national and regional development need to

be strengthened both conceptually and practically. At the policy level, population development

must be able to integrate national and regional population issues to create the concept of

population-oriented development. The purpose of this study is to describe population

development policies in Boalemo Regency related to policy implementation; policy concept; and

the situation and conditions of population development. The method used is Observation;

Documentation; and FGD, with the support of secondary data analysis and document review. The

results of the study indicate that generally the implementation of population development policies

in the Boalemo district has been carried out optimally, but still needs to be improved, especially in:

Population Quantity Development Policy; Population Quality; Family planning; Mobility; and

Population data and information. The implementation of Population-oriented Development

Policies and Sustainable Population Development need to be given top priority. For this reason, a

very important factor to improve is the Human Development Index (IPM).

Keywords: policy; implementation; population development.

Harson Towalu                                                                                                                       | 110 
DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v2i1.246      https://jrssem.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/jrssem/index 
INTRODUCTION 
 
Population development policies in the 
context  of  national  and  regional 
development  need  to  be  strengthened, 
both  in  concept  and  implementation.  At 
the  policy  level,  population  development 
must  be  able  to  integrate  national  and 
regional  population  issues  so  as  to  give 
birth to the concept of population-oriented 
development  (Stokes  &  Seto,  2019).  The 
synergy  of  population-oriented  policies 
with  the  quality  of  human  resources 
requires the quality of the population as a 
systemic vehicle in producing people who 
have life skills, personal skills that include 
self-awareness and thinking skills, as well as 
social skills, academic skills, and vocational 
skills (Murni et al., 2022). The main problem 
is  the  high  population  growth  and  the 
unbalanced distribution and age structure 
(O’Sullivan, 2018).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
At  the  implementation  level,  the 
population development policy is expected 
to be able to raise the standard of living of 
the population so that they become more 
advanced,  independent,  happy,  and 
prosperous  (Muhamad  Khair et  al.,  2020); 
(Leal Filho et al., 2019). Where Population 
Development  must  really  be  able  to  take 
advantage  of  demographic  bonus 
opportunities to trigger economic growth 
and improve people's welfare (Wandita et 
al., 2022); (Sampedro-Piquero et al., 2018). 
Through  the  policy  of  Presidential 
Regulation  Number  153  of  2014 
concerning the Grand Design of Population 
Development, it is explained that the Grand 
Design of Population Development (GDPK) 
has 5 pillars namely Control of population 
quantity;  Improving  the  quality  of  the 
population;  Arrangement  of  distribution 
and  direction  of  population  mobility; 
Quality family  development; Arrangement 
of  population 
data/information/population administratio
n  (Wu  et  al.,  2020).  For  this  reason,  this 
research is expected to provide a scientific 
foothold  on  the  facts  of  the  ongoing 
population  phenomenon  as  well  as  to 
bridge  it  in  the  handling  of  this 
phenomenon through a population policy 
that is more pro-society. 
 
METHODS 
 
The type of research used is normative 
juridical research in the form of regulatory 
research  that  focuses  on  the  study  of 
theoretical aspects in the form of principles, 
norms, or policy regulation rules. While the 
method  used  is  1).  Observation;  2). 
Documentation; 3). FGD. The analysis that 
will be used is secondary data analysis and 
document review. 
Residents are people/residents who live 
in  an  area  and  settle  or  intend  to  stay 
longer (Mahan et al., 2018). Based on Law 
52  of  2009  concerning  population 
development and family development, it is 
explained  that  residents  are  Indonesian 
citizens  and  foreigners  residing  in 
Indonesia  as  referred  to  in  the  1945 
Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. 
While  the  population  matters  relating  to 
the number, structure, growth, distribution, 
mobility,  distribution,  quality,  and  welfare 
conditions  relating  to  politics,  economy, 
socio-culture, religion, and beliefs as well as 
the environment of the local population.  
Furthermore (Li et al., 2019) said that 
development  is  a  conscious,  continuous 

111 | Implementation of Public Policy

process of change, for the purpose of

improving life for the better. Therefore,

development must be able to overcome

existing problems by adjusting to the

potential of the region/region (Kwade et al.,

2018). Broadly speaking, population

development includes 5 (five) aspects,

namely: First, related to population

quantity, including the number, structure,

and composition of the population,

population growth rate, and population

distribution. Second, it relates to the quality

of the population related to health status

and mortality rates, education levels, and

poverty rates. The third is population

mobility, such as the level of migration that

affects the distribution of population

between regions, both between islands and

between urban and rural areas. The fourth

is population data and information and the

fifth is the harmonization of population

policies. These five aspects are known as

the 5 pillars of population development

(Cleland et al., 2019).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. Research Results

Boalemo Regency is an area that

has a relatively small population. With

such conditions, this district has a great

opportunity to organize and regulate

the dynamics of its population. In

addition to the relatively small

population and potential area, the

Boalemo government has many

opportunities opportunities to organize

it more optimally.

Geographically, the location of

Boalemo Regency is in the southern

part of the Province of Gorontalo, with

positions 00º23'50” to 00º55'40” North

Latitude and 122º01'10” to 122º39'25”

East Longitude, with a population of

147,038 people. This number is

relatively small when compared to the

total population of Gorontalo province

of 1,171,681 people or only 12.55%.

Meanwhile, when compared to the total

population of Indonesia in 2021, which

is 273,879,750 people, the population

of Boalemo Regency is only 0.054%.

Table 1. Comparison of Regency/City Population in Gorontalo Province with Boalemo

Regency in 2019-2021

Regency/City

Total Population (Soul)

2019

2020

2021

Kab. Boalemo

167.024.0

145,868

147.038

Kab. Gorontalo

378,527.0

393,107.0

395,635

Kab. Pohuwato

161,373.0

146,432.0

147,689

Kab. Bone Bolango

161,236.0

162,778.0

164,277

Kab. North Gorontalo

115,072.0

124,957.0

126,521

Gorontalo City

219,399.0

198,539.0

199,788

Gorontalo Province

1,202,631

1,171,681

1,180,948

Source: BPS Gorontalo province (processed by the review team)

Harson Towalu | 112

DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v2i1.246 https://jrssem.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/jrssem/index

In terms of the 5 pillars of population

development in Boalemo district, it can be

explained as follows:.

1. Population Quantity Policy

In the context of population,

according to data from the Central

Statistics Agency in table 1, the total

population of Boalemo Regency is

147,038 people. Like the population of

other districts/cities in Gorontalo

province, the population of Boalemo

district has changed over the last few

years. In 2019, the population of

Gorontalo province was 1,202,631, and

the population of Boalemo district was

167,204 people. Whereas in 2020 the

population of Gorontalo province has

increased to 1,171,681, on the other

hand when compared to 2019, 2020 the

population of Boalemo district has

actually decreased to 146,568.

Meanwhile, in 2021 the population of

Gorontalo province will increase to

1,181,948, and the population in

Boalemo Regency will also increase by

147,038. Thus, the population in the

Boalemo district always experiences

erratic and non-linear fluctuations.

Judging from the sex ratio, the ratio

of the male and female population in

Boalemo Regency between 3 years on

average reaches 97.15 percent. This

means that for every 100 women there

are approximately 97 men. The sex ratio

in Boalemo Regency is close to the ideal

value because it is close to 100 percent.

as the data contained in table 2 below.

Table 2. Comparison of the Gender Ratio of Regency/City Population in Gorontalo Province

with Boalemo Regency in 2016 – 2018

County/City

Number of Population by Gender (Soul)

Man

Woman

Male and female

2016

2017

2018

2016

2017

2018

2016

2017

2018

Boalemo

78117

80312

80703

75891

78021

78402

154008

158333

159105

Gorontalo

186388

187301

186771

186468

187622

187087

372856

374923

373858

Pohuwato

76202

77977

78422

74183

76014

76292

150385

153991

154714

Bone Bolango

77805

78816

78109

77433

78370

77841

155238

157186

155950

Gorontalo Utara

56589

57220

56469

55235

55755

55224

111824

112975

111693

Kota Gorontalo

101381

103584

103345

105073

107198

107477

206454

210782

210822

Source: BPS Gorontalo province (processed by the review team)

Meanwhile, the comparison of the

dependency ratio can be interpreted as

a comparison between the total

population of non-productive age

(under 15 years of age and over 65

years of age) and the productive age

population ( age 16 – 64 years), it can

be seen in table 3. Boalemo Regency

has a dependency ratio of 50.80

percent in 2016. The value of the ratio

shows that 100 productive population

bears 50 – 51 non-productive age

population. This data is still quite high

when compared to the average

dependency ratio of Gorontalo

province, which is 48.20 percent.

113 | Implementation of Public Policy

The dependency ratio has

decreased quite steadily so in 2018 the

dependency ratio value reached a fairly

low value of 46.22 percent. However, it

is still high compared to the average

dependency ratio of Gorontalo

province, which is 44.32 percent. This

decrease in dependency ratio is in line

with the projected demographic

dividend or demographic bonus.

Table 3. Comparison of Regency/City Dependency Ratios in Gorontalo Province with

Boalemo Regency 2016-2018

Region Se Province

Dependency Ratio (Province)

2016

2017

2018

Boalemo

50.80

50.50

46.22

Gorontalo

48.90

48.60

45.91

Pohuwato

49.60

49.30

43.04

Bone Bolango

49.00

48.80

44.40

Gorontalo Utara

53.00

52.70

49.00

Kota Gorontalo

41.00

40.90

38.84

Provinsi Gorontalo

48.20

47.90

44.32

Source: BPS Gorontalo Province: 2022. (processed by the review team)

In the context of population

quantity issues, the Boalemo Regency

Government needs to anticipate and

control the increase in population and

ratio dependency. If this is not

anticipated in advance, it will have an

impact on the burden on the economy

and have the opportunity to cause new

problems in the population.

2. Population Quality Policy

In general, the population quality

improvement policy can be seen from

the improvement in several aspects,

among others:

a) Educational Aspect

The Average Length of

Schooling Indicator is a measure of

the absorption capacity of the

education system for the

population undergoing the

education process. This figure

shows changes in the population,

especially young people who are

still in school.

Table 4. Comparison of Average Years of Schooling in Gorontalo Province and Boalemo

Province 2018-2020

Province/District/City

Average Length of School (Years)

2018

2019

2020

Kabupaten Boalemo

6.53

6.54

6.82

Kabupaten Gorontalo

6.83

7.11

7.13

Kabupaten Pohuwato

6.85

7.10

7.12

Kabupaten Bone Bolango

8.04

8.07

8.31

Harson Towalu | 114

Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara

6.72

6.74

7.03

Kota Gorontalo

10.34

10.35

10.36

Provinsi Gorontalo

7.46

7.69

7.82

Source: BPS Gorontalo Province (processed by the review team)

When we compare the average

length of schooling in Bolalemo

Regency with the average length of

school in general in Gorontalo

province, there is an increase in the

average length of schooling. Where

in 2018 the average length of

school in Boalemo district was 6.53,

and in Gorontalo province was 7.46.

In 2019 it rose to 6.54, on the other

hand, the province of Gorontalo

also rose by 7.68. In 2020 the

average length of schooling in

Bolalemo district rose to 6.82, for

Gorontalo province the average

length of schooling also rose to

7.82.

The Pure Enrollment Rate (APM)

or net enrollment rate at the

elementary level shows good

progress. The net enrollment rate at

the elementary level was only 2012

with 89.21 percent, the rest of the

net enrollment rates have been

stable, approaching 100 percent. In

contrast to the elementary level, the

pure participation rate for the junior

high school level requires

improvement. This can be seen

from the pure participation rate at

the junior high school level which

did not experience a significant

increase. In 2010 the net enrollment

rate was 80.70 percent, but in

subsequent years the figure

decreased to 77.44 percent in 2014

and increased slightly in 2017 to

83.89 percent.

Meanwhile, the Gross

Enrollment Rate (APK) at all levels of

education in Boalemo Regency has

also shown good progress except in

2015. For elementary school, the

net enrollment rate in 2015 was

95.52 percent, junior high school

level 85 .47 percent, and SMA 72.61

percent.

b. Health Aspects.

In the health aspect, life

expectancy in general can be used

to assess the health level of the

population as well as to show the

state and system of existing health

services in the community. Where

Life Expectancy (AHH) is the

average year of life that will come

and is lived by a person since birth.

This is because life expectancy can

be seen as a final form of the results

of efforts to improve overall health

standards.

Life expectancy in Boalemo

Regency throughout the period

2018-2020 has increased

continuously. In fact, the life

expectancy in Boalemo Regency is

the highest under Gorontalo City

and higher than in Gorontalo

province.

115 | Implementation of Public Policy

Table 5. Comparison of Regency/City Life Expectancy in the Province with

Boalemo Regency in 2018 – 2019

Province/District/City

Life Expectancy (Years)

2018

2019

2020

Kabupaten Boalemo

68.25

68.83

69.07

Kabupaten Gorontalo

66.98

67.45

67.58

Kabupaten Pohuwato

63.25

63.83

64.07

Kabupaten Bone Bolango

67.95

68.38

68.46

Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara

65.36

65.79

65.87

Kota Gorontalo

72.02

72.42

72.49

Provinsi Gorontalo

67.45

67.93

68.07

Source: BPS Regency of Gorontalo Province (processed by the review team)

Life Expectancy of Boalemo

Regency in 2018 is 68.25, while the

average Life Expectancy Gorontalo

province only amounted to 67.48. In

2019 there was an increase to 68.83

on the other hand the average

achievement of Gorontalo province

was 67.93. In 2020 the life

expectancy of Boalemo district has

increased to 69.07, for the average

Gorontalo province is 68.07.

In general, the policy directions

for improving the quality of the

population in the health sector are

implemented through

1. Improving the quality of life for

mothers and children by

increasing the coverage and

quality of health services,

increasing the role of local

government and the private

sector and empowering families

and communities;

2. improvement of nutritional

status by strengthening the

improvement of community

nutrition and increasing the

availability and accessibility of

food for the population;

3. increasing control of

communicable and non-

communicable diseases,

increasing access to clean water

and proper sanitation as well as

improving clean and healthy

living behavior.

c. Human Development Index

in 2018 Boalemo Regency's

human development index is 64.99.

This figure is still below the average

HDI of Gorontalo province which is

67.71. In the following year 2019,

the HDI of the Boalemo district

increased to 65.53. Nevertheless,

this figure is still below the average

HDI of Gorontalo province, which is

69.49. In 2020, Boalemo Regency's

HDI continues to increase, which is

65.91. Likewise, the average HDI for

the province of Gprpntalo increased

by 68.68, meaning that the HDI in

the district of Boalemo was still

below the average HDI for the

province of Gorontalo.

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Table 6. Comparison of the Human Development Index of Boalemo Regency with

Regencies/Cities in Gorontalo Province

in 2018 – 2020

Province/District/City

Human Development Index

2018

2019

2020

Kabupaten Boalemo

64.99

65.53

65.91

Kabupaten Gorontalo

65.78

66.69

66.92

Kabupaten Pohuwato

64.44

65.27

65.37

Kabupaten Bone Bolango

69.06

69.63

69.98

Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara

64.06

64.52

64.86

Kota Gorontalo

76.53

77.08

77.13

Provinsi Gorontalo

67.71

68.49

68.68

Source: Source: BPS of Gorontalo Province (processed by the review team)

Thus, judging from the HDI

achievements in table 6, it appears

that the Regional Government of

Boalemo Regency has made efforts

to continuously improve HDI even

though it is still in minimal numbers.

For this reason, the government

needs more incentives to motivate

all stakeholders to increase the HDI

to at least equal to the average HDI

for the province of Gorontalo or if

necessary, greater than the average

HDI for the province of Gorontalo.

d. Poverty and Inequality

Based on the BPS definition,

Poverty is seen as a condition in

which a person does not have the

economic capacity to meet basic

food and non-food needs as

measured by the expenditure side.

A person is said to be poor if he has

an average per capita expenditure

in a month below the poverty line.

In 2019, Boalemo Regency had a

poor population of 31,310 people,

or 18.87 percent. The percentage of

the poor in 2019 is still quite high

when compared to the average

percentage of the poor in

Gorontalo province which is 15.52

percent.

Table 7. Comparison of the number and percentage of poor people in the district/city of

the province of Gorontalo with the population of the district of Boalemo

Region Se Province

Number and Percentage of Poor Population

2019

2020

2021

Jlh

%

Jlh

%

Jlh

%

Kabupaten Boalemo

33.310

18.87

31.630

18.57

31.830

19.00

Kabupaten

Gorontalo

68.310

18.06

66.720

17.56

67.210

17.89

Kabupaten

29.130

18.16

28.92

17.62

29.220

18.08

117 | Implementation of Public Policy

Pohuwato

Kabupaten Bone

Bolango

25.910

16.12

25.730

15.81

25.760

16.30

Kabupaten

Gorontalo Utara

19.460

16.95

19.560

16.88

19.340

17.23

Kota Gorontalo

11.910

5.45

12.460

5.59

12.940

5.93

Provinsi Gorontalo

186.030

15.52

185.020

15.22

186.290

15.61

Source: BPS of Gorontalo province (processed by the review team)

However, in 2020 there was a

decline in the percentage of poor

people by 18.57 percent even

though in terms of the population

poor increased by 31,630 people.

The percentage in 2020 is still quite

large when compared to the

average percentage of the poor

population of Gorontalo province

which is 15.22 percent. Meanwhile,

in 2021 there will be an increase in

the number of poor people by 19.00

percent. This number has increased

compared to the achievement in

the previous year. This is

presumably due to the situation

and conditions of the COVID-19

pandemic that hit the international

world. In order to reduce the

poverty rate which is still high and

reduce inequality in income and

expenditure of the population, the

government of Boalemo Regency

2017 has rolled out a Policy of 14

(fourteen) regional superior

programs, as stated in the RPJMD of

Boalemo Regency for 2017-2022.

This program is in direct contact

with poverty alleviation and

reduction of income inequality,

which include: (1) Providing

business capital loans to farmers

and fishermen as well as small

entrepreneurs through BUMD; (2)

Facilitate the management of BPJS

for the community; (3) Free food for

one patient's family who looks after

the patient while being treated at

the RSTN; (4) Free seeds and

fertilizers for farmers and will open

access roads for farming (JUT); (5)

Free SIM for motorbike, bent or and

four-wheeled car drivers; (6) Free

ambulance fee; and (7) Free Raskin

for poor families. The purpose of

this activity is to compile a picture

of income in relation to economic

development planning as a

reference for the government so

that the regional economic

potential can be optimized and

have a significant impact on

improving the welfare of the people

of Boalemo Regency. According to

research results from (Nurdin,

Wawan K Tolinggi, and Amelia

Murtisari, 2020), the Gini Ratio

Index in Boalemo Regency in 2018

was in the range of 0.577 to 0.790

which indicates that Boalemo

Regency has a relatively high level

of inequality. This figure is an early

warning for Boalemo Regency so

that it can anticipate the income

Harson Towalu | 118

distribution gap that exists among

its people.

e. Unemployment Rate

One of the important variables

in the development of Boalemo

Regency is the problem of labor.

Labor itself is a population that is

able to work to produce goods and

services. According to BPS, the

population classified as labor is the

population aged 15 to 64 years

which is also known as the labor

force.

Table 9. Rate and Labor Force Participation of Boalemo Regency in 2020

Employment Indicator

Employment Indicator (Percent)

Male

Male Female Total

2020

Tingkat Pengangguran

Terbuka

4.36

2.60

3.66

Tingkat Partisipasi

Angkatan Kerja

79.76

54.13

67.14

Source: BPS of Boalemo Regency (processed by the review team)

Based on table 9 above, the

Unemployment rate in Boalemo

Regency in 2020 reached 3.66

percent. This figure is obtained

from the average unemployment

rate for the male sex which is 4.36

percent and the unemployment

rate for the female sex at 2.60

percent. Similarly, the Labor Force

Participation rate, which reached an

average of 67.14 percent. This

figure is also obtained from the

Male Labor Force Participation Rate

of 79.76 percent and the Female

Labor Force Participation Rate of

54.13 percent. Thus, it can be

analyzed that the open

unemployment rate and the labor

force participation rate are more

dominated by the male gender. On

the other hand, the male gender is

generally the economic backbone

of the family.

According to Plt. The head of

the Gorontalo BPS (Rudi Cahyono)

said that the COVID-19 pandemic

was the main factor in the rising

unemployment rate. Whereas the

whole, the working age population

affected by the COVID-19

pandemic started from being

unemployed, then increased to not

being in the labor force, and after

that, it changed to reduced working

hours. The last is temporarily not

working.

f. Family Development

In the perspective of National

Resilience, the family is one of the

important gates to maintaining and

strengthening the nation and state.

According to (Singgih et al., 2016)

family, resilience is defined as a

dynamic condition of a family that

119 | Implementation of Public Policy

has tenacity and resilience in facing

and overcoming all threats,

challenges, obstacles, and

disturbances, which come from

outside and from within, directly or

indirectly, which endangers the

harmony, continuity, and integrity

of the family.

Based on table 10, it appears

that the role of Women's Income

Contribution in fostering and

building a family is very significant.

In 2019, the contribution of

women's income in the Boalemo

district could reach 29.21 percent,

even higher than the average

income contribution of women in

the province of Gorontalo.

Table 10. Comparison of Regency/City Family Classifications in Gorontalo Province

with Boalemo Regency in 2019-2021

Wilayah Se

Provinsi

Klasifikasi Keluarga

Pra Sejahtera

Keluarga Sejahtera

Jumlah

2019

2020

2021

2019

2020

2021

2019

2020

2021

Boalemo

17652

4443

17710

26379

35193

24537

44031

39636

42247

Gorontalo

30769

9857

22882

70279

86582

94857

101048

96439

117739

Pohuwato

17330

6637

17724

28086

22962

22839

45416

29599

40563

Bone Bolango

16531

4039

16230

27504

37848

30149

44035

41887

46379

Gorontalo

Utara

9973

2972

9958

19345

26962

21826

29318

29934

31784

Kota Gorontalo

16299

2213

13009

28974

46573

37818

45273

48786

50827

Provinsi

Gorontalo

108554

30161

97513

200567

256120

232026

309121

286281

329539

Source: BPS Boalemo Regency (processed by the review team)

In general, the direction of

family development policies carried

out by the Boalemo Regency

Government are:

1. Strengthening family life

planning for adolescents both

physical and mental;

2. Increasing knowledge and skills

in fulfilling family nutrition for

families;

3. increasing knowledge and skills

of parenting as well as child and

adolescent growth and

development for families;

4. increasing knowledge and skills

in making relationships

between family members and

between generations;

5. strengthening old age life

planning for families;

6. assisting the elderly population

through the community and

family.

g. Population Distribution and

Mobility

According to the report (Survey

and Antar, 2015), In order to obtain

information about migration, a

Harson Towalu | 120

concept is needed that can be used

to capture moving information

from a person. In 2017, there were

44,242 people from other regencies

or regencies who entered Boalemo

Regency (incoming migration). This

in-migration is dominated by

23,752 women, the remaining

20,490 are men. Meanwhile, in the

same year, the population of

Boalemo Regency who migrated

out was 99,153 people. From these

two indicators, it was found that the

net migration of Boalemo Regency

was -54,911 – where it was found

that more residents of Boalemo

Regency migrated out of the

Regency or other Regency residents

who entered Boalemo Regency.

h. Population Data and Information

In general, the Population

Administration Management

Information System that uses the

application is more accurate than

the manual system. In this context,

the Boalemo Regency Government

reported that as many as 105,400

residents of Boalemo Regency had

birth certificates. The number who

already have a birth certificate of

the entire population is 62.09

percent. Meanwhile, in terms of ID

cards, as many as 98.83 percent of

the population of Boalemo Regency

already have ID cards. For family

card ownership, there are 43,414

family heads who already have a

family card or 89.57 percent of the

total number of family heads in

Boalemo Regency.

However, sectoral data

obtained through routine statistics

on population, family planning, and

family data collection cannot be

used optimally in the supervision,

monitoring, control and evaluation

of the KKBPK program, because the

data processing system is still of

poor quality. For this reason,

population administration

information systems and services

are created to solve existing

problems.

B. Discussion

Policy implementation is an action

by the government in regulating and

managing community needs in various

matters including the fulfillment of

basic population services for the

community. Based on the results of

population data analysis, residents in

Bolalemo district are expected not only

as subjects of development but also as

objects. In the sense that the

population must be fostered and

developed so that they are able to

become drivers of development and at

the same time enjoy development. The

concept of this development policy

consists of a population-responsive

policy (development policy which

always refers or refers to the dynamics

and trends of population

development), and population

influencing policy (development policy

which is directed to shape the dynamics

and structure of the population as

expected). Where the population is the

center of development which is a

manifestation of people-based

development, namely from the people

121 | Implementation of Public Policy

(residents), by the people (residents),

and for the people (residents).

Based on the analysis of population

data in Boalemo district, there are 5

pillars of population development

policies including:

a) Management of population

quantity

Management of population

quantity is carried out with the

principle of controlling population

by implementing policies to

regulate fertility and reduce

mortality. The fertility regulation

policy is implemented through

efforts to cultivate small, happy, and

prosperous family norms in the

Family Planning (KB) program. In

general, the policy directions for the

Family Planning program include:

maturing the age of marriage;

desired pregnancy arrangement;

fostering family planning

participation; the use of tools,

drugs, and or methods of

regulating pregnancy; increasing

access to family planning services.

The policy to reduce population

mortality is implemented through

efforts to reduce maternal and child

mortality, with general policy

directions including: reducing

maternal mortality; reduction in

postnatal mortality; and a reduction

in infant and child mortality.

b). Improving the quality of the

population

Improving the quality of the

population refers to the variables

contained in the human

development index (HDI). HDI is

formed by 3 (three) basic

dimensions, namely education,

health, decent living standards. HDI

is an important indicator to

measure success in efforts to build

the quality of human life

(community/population). In

general, the policy directions for

improving the quality of the

population in the health sector in

Boalemo district can be

implemented through:

1) improving the quality of life,

especially for mothers and

children by increasing the

coverage and quality of health

services, increasing the role of

local government and the

private sector and empowering

families and communities.

2) improving nutritional status by

strengthening community

nutrition improvements and

increasing the availability and

accessibility of food for the

population,

3) increasing control of infectious

and non-communicable

diseases, increasing access to

clean water and proper

sanitation and improving clean

and healthy living behavior.

In general, the policy

directions for improving the

quality of the population in the

field of education in Boalemo

district can be implemented

through:

1) Increasing the population's

access to education both in

Harson Towalu | 122

terms of economic and physical

aspects (9 and 12 years of

education);

2) Increasing the competence of

the population through formal,

non-formal and informal

education in order to meet the

needs of national development;

(coverage of Job Training

Center participants) and

3) Reducing the education gap by

gender by increasing women's

access to education (gender

development index).

In general, the policy directions

for improving the quality of the

population to improve a decent

standard of living in Boalemo

district can be implemented

through:

1) Improving the economic status

of the population by expanding

job opportunities and reducing

unemployment; and

2) Reducing economic inequality

as one of the efforts to reduce

poverty.

3) Protection of vulnerable

populations through

comprehensive social

protection and security

schemes.

c). Arrangement of Distribution and

Direction of Population Mobility

The arrangement of distribution

and direction of population

mobility is carried out by seeking to

increase the mobility of the

population which is not permanent

by providing various social,

economic, cultural, and

administrative facilities in several

areas that are projected as

destinations for population

mobility; and reduce population

mobility to metropolitan cities or

big cities. In general, the policy

directions for structuring the

distribution and direction of

population mobility in Boalemo

district can be implemented

through:

1) Urbanization management that

leads to sustainable urban

development;

2) Direction of population

distribution in accordance with

the needs of each region by

building an employment

information system;

3) Prevention of the emergence of

factors that can lead to forced

displacement (prevention of the

emergence of slum

settlements); and

4) Maximum protection for

Indonesian workers working

abroad.

d). Quality family

Development Quality family

development aims to create

families who fear God Almighty,

families based on legal

marriages, families that have

family resilience and resilience

with national insight and

contribute to society, nation

and state; and families who are

able to plan family resources.

This goal can be realized when

it is supported by the role of the

123 | Implementation of Public Policy

family through the support of

parental socialization and the

role of adolescents.

In general, the direction of

family development policies in

Boalemo district can be

implemented through:

1) Strengthening family life

planning for adolescents both

physically and mentally.

2) Increasing knowledge and skills

in fulfilling family nutrition for

families.

3) Increasing knowledge and skills

of parenting and growth and

development of children and

adolescents for families.

4) Increasing knowledge and skills

in making relationships

between family members and

between generations.

5) Strengthening of planning for

elderly life for families.

6) Assistance to the elderly

population through the

community and family.

e). Arrangement of population data and

information and population

administration

In general, the policy direction

for structuring population data and

information in Boalemo district can

be implemented through:

1) Structuring and managing

population databases;

2) Arrangement and issuance of

population documents;

3) Strengthening population data

and information at the village

level.

4) development of integrated data

on population and family

information systems based on

information technology.

The success of development in

turn is largely determined by the

extent to which population

problems are prioritized (Hidayat,

2004). It is believed that

development that only relies on

growth without seeing the potential

of the population will not take place

in a sustainable manner. Population

must be made the central point of

development. Thus, development is

more focused on increasing human

resources compared to other

infrastructure developments.

Population development in the

context of development in Boalemo

district needs to be strengthened

through policy and implementation

levels. At the policy level,

population development must be

able to integrate population issues

into development policies so as to

give birth to the concept of

Population Insight Development.

with three main values: justice;

sustainability and inclusiveness. The

implementation level, population

development must be able to raise

the standard of living of the

population so that they become

more advanced, independent,

happy and prosperous. Through

population-oriented policies based

on human welfare, the government

and the private sector contribute to

reducing population problems. The

synergy of population-oriented

Harson Towalu | 124

policies with the quality of human

resources requires the need for

quality education as a systemic

vehicle in producing Boalemo

district residents who have life skills,

personal skills that include self-

awareness and thinking skills, as

well as social skills, academic skills,

as well as vocational skills. In line

with this concept, explains that

population-oriented development

is both a concept and a

development paradigm.

Population development should

be used as a priority development

program that leads to human

welfare. Thus, there is a need for

population-oriented policies that

can accommodate population

problems through increasing

human resources.

As a developing region, the

local government of Boalemo

district needs to implement the

concept of a population-oriented

development policy. This concept

consists of first: the concept of

population-responsive policy

(development policy that always

refers to or refers to the dynamics

and trends of population

development), and second: the

concept of population influencing

policy (development policy that is

directed to shape the dynamics and

structure of the population as

expected).

Seeing the dynamic population

dynamics, the local government of

Boalemo district needs to apply the

concept of population-responsive

policy by considering the following:

1. The population of working age

is quite large, so the local

government of Boalemo district

needs to provide job

opportunities.

2. The large number of youth

population must be responded

to by the local government of

Boalemo district with youth

reproductive health and

education programs.

3. The local government of

Boalemo district responded to

the large elderly population by

improving their health and

welfare.

4. The potential of very strategic

areas, both fisheries and

agriculture, becomes a big

capital for local governments to

develop the potential of Toluk

Tomini to become an icon of the

center of fisheries and tourism

development;

5. The abundant agricultural

potential needs to be focused

on increasing the population's

economic income. So far, the

population is more interested in

corn commodity. However, with

large production results, it is not

significant for the economic

improvement of the residents.

Therefore, the district

government of Boalemo needs

to develop horticultural

potential such as rica, tomatoes

and onions as well as

vegetables, this has an impact

on increasing the population's

125 | Implementation of Public Policy

economy.

6. One of the development

concepts that can be

implemented is the concept of

sustainable development.

Sustainable development can

also be defined as development

that meets the needs of the

present generation without

compromising the ability of

future generations to meet their

needs. Sustainable

development covers various

aspects of life, namely;

ecological, economic, socio-

cultural, political, and defense

and security sustainability.

Sustainable development also

means development that meets

the needs of the present

generation without

compromising the ability of

future generations to meet their

needs. Regions with stable

incomes, higher education,

greater openness, accountable

financial systems and smaller

governments are more resilient.

7. The increasing needs of the

population along with the

increasingly limited natural

resources require a more

efficient approach to the use of

natural resources. The

development approach,

especially in Boalemo Regency,

it is time to pay attention to

balance and justice between

generations. Where sustainable

development is placed as a

development concept that can

meet the needs of the current

generation without

compromising future

generations. Even though at

times the area was hit by the

Covid 12 pandemic problem.

Where the impact of the Covid

pandemic caused most health

facilities to be almost paralyzed

and some essential health

services routinely disrupted.

That is why it is important that

sustainable development is able

to optimize and benefit from

natural resources and human

resources in a sustainable

manner despite being hit by

various types of crises.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the description above, it can

be concluded as follows: 1 In general, the

implementation of population

development policies in Boalemo district

has been maximally implemented, but still

needs to be improved, especially in: a)

Population Quantity Development Policy;

b) Population Quality Development Policy;

c) Family Planning Development Policy; d)

Population Mobility Development Policy; f)

Development Policy Population data and

information. 2. The concept of population

development policies that can be

implemented in Boalemo district are: a)

Population-oriented Development Policies;

b) Policy on sustainable Population

Development. c) The situation and

conditions of population development in

Boalemo Regency still need to be

addressed and improved, especially in

Harson Towalu                                                                                                                       | 126 
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