JRSSEM 2022, Vol. 01, No. 11, 2004 – 2015
E-ISSN: 2807 - 6311, P-ISSN: 2807 - 6494
DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v1i11.212 https://jrssem.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/jrssem/index
DEVELOPMENT RESPONSE AND PRODUCTION OF
TOSAKAN (BRASSICA JUNCEA L) MUSTARD VARIETIES
APPLICATION OF LIQUID ORGANIC NASA FERTILIZER
AND NPK FERTILIZER
Nunuk Helilusiatiningsih
1*
Micko Widiyatmoyo
2
1,2
Departemen Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, UNISKA, Kediri, Indonesia
e-mail: nunukhelilusi@gmail.com
*Correspondence: nunukhelilusi@Gmail.com
Submitted: 26 May 2022, Revised: 06 June 2022, Accepted: 15 June 2022
Abstract. Vegetables that contain vitamins, minerals and fiber to maintain a healthy body. Green
mustard is a horticultural crop commodity that is easy to cultivate and is widely consumed by the
public because it has a good taste. The purpose of the study was to determine the response to
development and production with the application of POC Nasa and NPK Mutiara fertilizer. The
experiment was carried out in the rice fields of Sukoharjo Village, Kayen Kidul District, Kediri
Regency. The location has an altitude of 91 m above sea level with a tropical climate with an average
air temperature of 28 oC and a rainfall of 2,443 mm/year, allivial soil type with a pH of 5.5. The
research method used a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors, the first factor was the
concentration of liquid organic fertilizer consisting of 4 levels (K), the second factor was NPK
fertilizer consisting of 4 levels coded D, repeated 3 times with 48 research plots. The results were
analyzed by the F test, followed by the 5% BNT test and 5% DMRT if there was an effect. The results
of this study can be concluded as follows: 1. There was an interaction between the concentration
of POC Nasa and the dose of NPK on the variables observed for the number of leaves (21, and 28
days), leaf area (28 days), and wet weight per plant (28 days) and the best is K3D2 (POC 18 ml/L
and NPK 6 gr/polybag) with 15, 31 leaves, 288 cm2 leaf area, and a wet weight of 163.87
grams/plant.
Keywords: mustard; mutiara NPK fertilizer; nasa POC.
Nunuk Helilusiatiningsih, Micko Widiyatmoyo
| 2005
DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v1i11.212 https://jrssem.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/jrssem/index
INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is an agricultural country that
has abundant natural resources and is very
supportive of the agricultural sector.
Vegetables are widely consumed by the
people of Indonesia both fresh and
processed because they have good
nutritional value. Green mustard is easy to
cultivate and widely consumed because it
has a delicious taste and is abundant in the
market. Mustard plants contain protein, Ca,
fat, P, carbohydrates, Fe, vitamin C (Yusuf et
al., 2020). The problem is the increasing
population, it is necessary to increase
vegetable production by means of proper
fertilization. Fertilization is the addition of
nutrients for plants to develop and increase
their yields. The type of inorganic fertilizer
that is often used is NPK 16 16 16 , the
composition of which is nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium, as an
alternative to single fertilization (Slaton et
al., 2013). Excessive use of inorganic
fertilizers disturbs soil fertility, so it is
balanced with organic fertilizers to make it
fertile. Liquid organic fertilizer has a
positive effect in improving soil structure,
increasing water holding capacity, and
stimulating root growth and increasing
macro and micro nutrients (Elfarisna et al.,
2015); (Agrotan & Haerul, 2015) explained
that micro and macro fertilizers must be
available in plant cultivation. According to
(Zaevi et al., 2014) explained that the
application of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer
at a dose of 6 cc/l of water resulted in high
production of bean (Ernita & Irawan, 2017)
plants. According to (Ernita & Irawan,
2017), analyzed the application of NPK to
Pagoda mustard had a significant effect on
leaf number, wet weight per plant, root
volume, plant biomass, and root crown
ratio, with the best dose. 5 g/plant. The aim
of the research was to study the interaction
between the concentration of POC and
NPK fertilizer on mustard production. This
plant will grow quickly if planted with the
right humidity. Thus, this plant is suitable
for cultivation at the end of the rainy
season (Liu et al., 2021). According to
(Ahemad & Khan, 2012), the cultivation of
mustard plants in planting media must be
fertile. States that pests are animals that
disturb plants by eating them or destroying
them (Cunniffe et al., 2015). Pests that
disturb plants such as grasshoppers,
beetles, caterpillars, bugs, leafhoppers,
birds. While plant disorders caused by
fungi, bacteria, viruses are called diseases
that can damage plant organs. Tosakan
mustard varieties have the following
characteristics: large plants, long and
slender leaf stalks, long stems and many
shoots, semi-open and erect shape,
elliptical leaves and dark green, long, wide,
thin, flat leaf surface and margins, the taste
is crispy and not fibrous (Dubey et al.,
2021). In the study, the Tosakan variety
gave the highest yield of fresh weight,
which was 198.33 g (Sugeng et al., 2019).
The Tosakan variety is significantly different
from Mosakot, the application of NPK
Mutiara has a good effect on plants, this is
due to the availability of balanced and
more efficient elements. Nasa liquid
organic fertilizer contains essential macro
and micro nutrients that can meet plant
needs, the nutrient content is N 4.15%,
P2O5 4.45%, K 5.66%, Organic C 9.69%, Cu
1179.8%, Mn 1931.1%, Fe 505.5 ppm, Zn
1986.1%, B 806.6%, Mo 2.3 ppm (Maulana,
2006 | Development Response and Production of Tosakan (Brassica Juncea L) Mustard
Varieties Application of Liquid Organic Nasa Fertilizer and NPK Fertilizer
2011). The importance of this research is to
analyze the effect of fertilizer application in
order to obtain optimal production of the
Tosakan mustard variety.
METHODS
This research was carried out from
December 2, 2021 to January 8, 2022 in
Sukoharjo Village, Kayen Kidul District,
Kediri Regency. This location has an altitude
of 91 meters above sea level with a tropical
climate with an average air temperature of
280C and rainfall of 203.5 mm/month. Has
alluvial soil type with a pH of 5.5 growing
media. The materials used in this study
include: Mustard Seed of the Tosakan
Variety, NASA POC, NPK Fertilizer,
Insecticide and Water. The tools used in this
study include: Hoe, Sickle, Dipper,
Measuring Glass, Drop Pipette, Polybag,
Ruler, Camera, Stationery, Digital Scales.
This study used a factorial randomized
block design (RAK) with 2 factors, the first
factor was NASA's POC concentration
consisting of 4 levels symbolized by the
letter K, the second factor of NPK fertilizer
consisting of 4 levels symbolized by the
letter D, and each replicated 3 times with 48
research plots.
The first factor is the concentration of
liquid organic fertilizer (K): K0 : 0 ml/L , K1 :
6 ml/L , K2 : 12 ml/L , K3 : 18 ml/L The
second factor is the application of NPK
Fertilizer (N), D0: 0 g/polybag, D1: 3
g/polybag, D2: 6g/polybag, D3:
9g/polybag. Of these factors, there were 9
treatment combinations, namely as follows:
K0 D0, K0 D1, K0 D2, K0 D3, K1 D0, K1 D1,
K1 D2, K1 D3, K2 D0, K2 D1, K2 D2, K2 D3,
K3 D0, K3 D1, K3 D2, K3 D3. The
implementation of the research consisted
of Soil Processing, Preparation of Seedling
Media, Nursery, Preparation of planting
media, Planting, Embroidery, Experimental
treatment, Maintenance, Pest and disease
control. Pest and disease control is carried
out by mechanical and chemical methods
appropriate to the attack. Harvest.
Observation Parameters: Plant Height (cm),
Number of Leaves (strands), Leaf Area
(cm2), Root Length (cm), Plant Wet Weight
(g). Data analysis was carried out by the F
test using the variance method with the
following criteria: If F Table 5% < F count <
F Table 1% then H1 was accepted at 5%
significance level or there was a significant
effect. If F arithmetic > F Table 1% then
accepted H1 at the 1% level of significance
or a very real effect occurs. If F count < F
Table 5%, then H0 is accepted and H1 is
rejected. Follow-up test with DMRT 5%
method on the average results of
interactions that occur and the BNT test 5%
for single treatment.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the observed variance of
plant height, there was no interaction
between POC concentration treatment and
NPK fertilizer. The single treatment of POC
concentration had a significant effect on
the observed variables of plant height at
the age of 14, 21,28 while the single
treatment with the addition of NPK Mutiara
had a very significant effect on the age of
14, 21, and 28 days, see Table 1.
Nunuk Helilusiatiningsih, Micko Widiyatmoyo
| 2007
DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v1i11.212 https://jrssem.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/jrssem/index
Table 1. Average Yield of Plant Height
Treatment
Average Plant Height (cm)
14
21
28 (Age)
K0
11.70
a
20.90
a
32.07
a
K1
12.43
b
22.50
b
32.82
b
K2
12.53
b
22.78
b
33, 88
c
K3
13.43
c
23.32
c
33.97
c
BNT 5%
0.19
0.28
0.37
D0
10.62
a
20.70
a
31.20
a
D1
13.16
bc
22.60
b
33 ,60
b
D2
13.33
c
23.35
c
34.62
c
D3
12.98
b
22.85
b
33.32
b
BNT 5%
0.19
0.28
0.37
K3 treatment is the best result with a
fertilizer concentration of 18 ml/L) because
the nutritional needs are optimally met.
Supported by the opinion of (Briat et al.,
2020) that the availability of sufficient
nutrients for plant growth will support a
fast and perfect rate of photosynthesis so
that the formation of organs in plants is
good. The accumulation of an increase in
the number and size of cells will result in a
change in the overall size of the plant body
(Silalahi & Manullang, 2020). Liquid organic
fertilizer is a source of organic nutrients
that support the nutritional needs of plants.
The results of research conducted by
(Ramadhani et al., 2019) showed that the
application of organic fertilizer had a
significant effect on plant height. Sunlight
affects the growth, production and yield of
2008 | Development Response and Production of Tosakan (Brassica Juncea L) Mustard
Varieties Application of Liquid Organic Nasa Fertilizer and NPK Fertilizer
plants through the process of
photosynthesis. In the analysis of the
canopy of mustard plants due to K3
treatment at the age of 21 DAP, they have
met each other so as to reduce the amount
of sunlight that can hit the leaves of the
mustard plant. This causes the absorption
of sunlight to decrease thereby inhibiting
the rate of photosynthesis so that it can
inhibit plant growth.
The results of the D2 treatment (NPK 6
g/polybag) were higher when compared to
the D3 treatment (NPK 9 g/polybag). This
shows that the mustard plant is very
responsive to fertilization which can be
seen from the growth of the plant height.
Nainggolan (2011), argues that normal
plant growth requires certain nutrients and
must be in optimal amounts and
concentrations and in a certain balance.
The above statement shows that the
application of fertilizers that exceed the
limit can potentially cause a decrease in
plant growth. In addition, the application of
NPK fertilizer 6 g/polybag is the best NPK
fertilizer treatment for mustard greens. One
of the factors that affect the increase in
plant cell size is the age of the plant and the
availability of nutrients in the soil (Fitrianah,
et al., 2012).
Variables observed the number of
leaves interaction between treatments in
this experiment can be shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Results of Observation of Leaf Number
Treatment
Average Number of Mustard Leaves
21
28 (Age)
K0D0
7.93
a
12.27
a
K0D1
8.60
b
12.40
ab
K0D2
9.93
efgh
13.07
bcde
K0D3
9.60
cdef
12 ,93
abcd
K1D0
8.67
b
12.73
abc
K1D1
9.33
cdef
13.33
cde
K1D2
9.67
defg
13.93
fgh
2009 | Development Response and Production of Tosakan (Brassica Juncea L) Mustard
Varieties Application of Liquid Organic Nasa Fertilizer and NPK Fertilizer
K1D3
9.47
cdef
13.60
defgh
K2D0
9.00
bc
13.13
K2D1
cde
9 ,93
efgh
13.40
cdefg
K2D2
10.07
fgh
14.07
gh
K2D3
10.27
gh
13.60
defgh
K3D0
9.07
bcd
12.47
ab
K3D1
10.27
gh
13.73
efgh
K3D2
11.07
i
15, 13
i
K3D3
10.47
hi
14.27
h
DMRT 5%
Based on Table 2, the results of the
DMRT 5% test concluded that K3D2 (POC
Nasa 18 ml/L and NPK 6 g/polybag) was
the highest mean number of leaves
compared to other treatments. Leaves are
important organs for plants, leaves function
as a place for photosynthesis to occur so
that the number of leaves in plants will
affect the rate of photosynthesis of plants.
The leaves of the mustard plant grow on
the segments of the stem of the mustard
plant, so the length of the mustard stem
affects the number of leaves that grow on
the segments. This is supported by (Briat et
al., 2020) the number of leaves is closely
related to the length of the plant or it can
be said that the growth of the number of
leaves is directly proportional to the growth
of the length of the plant. Giving POC adds
nutrients needed for plant growth. States
that the application of organic fertilizers
can enrich the content of organic matter,
macro-micro nutrients so as to increase
plant production. The role of macro
nutrients affects the results of
photosynthesis which will have an impact
on plant growth. The number of leaves is
influenced by the nitrogen nutrient
contained in the nutrient solution, because
nitrogen is the main component of various
substances. Another source said that the
growth of the number of leaves was
influenced by the amount of availability of
nutrients N, P, and K in a balanced way.
2010 | Development Response and Production of Tosakan (Brassica Juncea L) Mustard
Varieties Application of Liquid Organic Nasa Fertilizer and NPK Fertilizer
The results of the calculation of leaf
area showed an interaction between the
two experimental treatments for the
application of NASA POC and NPK
concentrations (Table 3).
Table 3. Average Observation of Leaf Area
Treatment
Average Leaf Area (cm
2
)
Age 28 days
K0D0
169.33
a
K0D1
209.33
b
K0D2
229.33
bcd
K0D3
217.33
b
K1D0
213.33
b
K1D1
237.33
bcd
K1D2
254.67
cd
K1D3
230.67
bcd
K2D0
221.33
b
K2D1
228.00
bc
K2D2
232.00
bcd
K2D3
236.00
bcd
K3D0
217.33
b
K3D1
221.33
b
K3D2
288.00
e
2011 | Development Response and Production of Tosakan (Brassica Juncea L) Mustard
Varieties Application of Liquid Organic Nasa Fertilizer and NPK Fertilizer
K3D3
258.67
de
DMRT 5%
The DMRT 5% test explained that the
combination of treatments was
significantly different to the observed
variable leaf area, the best was K3D2 (POC
NASA 18 ml/L and NPK 6 g/polybag)
because the nutrients absorbed were very
effective. This is in line with the opinion
photosynthesis produces energy that
plants will use for the process of growth
and development. Growth is indicated by
the increase in plant height, number of
leaves, and leaf area. The use of fertilizers
pays attention to the right concentration
because concentrated concentrations
cause plasmolysis so that plant growth is
disrupted. Provision of fertilizers that are in
accordance with the dosage and needs can
increase yields that plants absorb nutrients
during their growth to increase the
photosynthesis process.
Analysis of root length did not show
interaction results, but the single treatment
of POC Nasa and NPK concentrations had a
very significant effect at age 28, presented
in Table 4.
Table 4. Variables Observation of Root Length
Treatment
Average Root Length (cm)
Age 28 days
K0
33.03
a
K1
35.40
c
K2
34.87
b
K3
35.38
c
BNT 5%
0.27
D0
34.83
c
2012 | Development Response and Production of Tosakan (Brassica Juncea L) Mustard
Varieties Application of Liquid Organic Nasa Fertilizer and NPK Fertilizer
D1
35 ,90
d
D2
34,25
b
D3
33,70
a
BNT 5%
0.27
Based on K1 (POC 6 ml/L) and K3 (POC
18 ml/L) treatments. higher mean value
compared to other treatments. Mustard
plants have a type of fibrous root that is
useful for supporting the body of the
mustard plant. The growth of mustard
roots is strongly influenced by the nutrient
content and the porosity of the planting
medium. Organic matter can play a direct
role in plant growth and can also play an
indirect role through changes in soil
properties and characteristics. Organic
fertilizers can reduce soil density so as to
facilitate root development and its ability to
absorb nutrients. Material porosity is the
ratio of the volume of the pore cavities to
the total volume of the entire material. The
greater the porosity, the higher the
absorption of the fluid. Root growth is
influenced by P nutrients from POC and
NPK fertilizers 16-16-16 applied to plants.
POCNasa concentration treatment gave
4.45% P2O5. while the required dose of
NPK provides 16% P2O5. P nutrient for
plants is useful for stimulating root growth,
especially young plant roots. The formation
of these young roots will then increase the
uptake of water and nutrients. The P
element treatment provided at this time
will support the development of young
roots which will further support the plant in
absorbing nutrients the elongation of plant
roots in an effort to find water is one
indicator of plants that are tolerant of water
shortages.
Based on the average wet weight per
plant (Table 5), the combination of K3D2
treatments (POC 18 ml/L and NPK 6
g/polybag) yielded higher yields and was
not different from K1D2, K2D2, K3D1, K3D3
Table 5. Observation Variables Wet Weight Per Plant
Treatment
Average Wet Weight Per Plant (grams)
Age 28 days
K0D0
K0D1
a
115.20
125.87
ab
K0D2
130.47
bc
2013 | Development Response and Production of Tosakan (Brassica Juncea L) Mustard
Varieties Application of Liquid Organic Nasa Fertilizer and NPK Fertilizer
K0D3
129.47
bc
K1D0
117.53
ab
K1D1
142.00
cd
K1D2
158.80
e
K1D3
153.33
de
K2D0
118.67
ab
K2D1
153.60
de
K2D2
158.40
e
K2D3
154.13
de
K3D0
119.53
ab
K3D1
156.47
e
K3D2
163.87
e
K3D3
161.47
e
DMRT 5%
This is because the higher the nutrients
given to the plant will trigger the growth
and development of plants. The more
nutrients are absorbed by plants, the
availability of basic materials for the
photosynthesis process will be better too.
Supported by Elisabeth (2013), the addition
of plant size and new leaves on plants can
optimally occur, if the needs of plant
growth elements are fulfilled. Increasing
the dose of fertilizer that exceeds the
recommendation will actually reduce crop
yields.
CONCLUSIONS
Sunlight affects the growth,
production and yield of plants through the
process of photosynthesis. This shows that
the mustard plant is very responsive to
fertilization which can be seen from the
growth of plant height. Organic fertilizers
can enrich the content of organic matter,
macro-micro nutrients so as to increase
plant production. The role of macro
nutrients affects the results of
photosynthesis which will have an impact
on plant growth. There was an interaction
between the concentration of Nasa POC
fertilizer and NPK on the observed variables
2014 | Development Response and Production of Tosakan (Brassica Juncea L) Mustard
Varieties Application of Liquid Organic Nasa Fertilizer and NPK Fertilizer
of leaf number, leaf area, plant height, and
the best wet weight of mustard greens,
namely K3D2 (POC 18 ml/L and NPK 6
g/polybag).
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