JRSSEM 2022, Vol. 01, No. 9, 1264 – 1279
E-ISSN: 2807 - 6311, P-ISSN: 2807 - 6494
DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v1i9.142 https://jrssem.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/jrssem/index
STRATEGY FOR WINNING WOMEN'S LEGISLATURE IN
THE 2019 MALANG GENERAL ELECTION
Atika Candra Larasati
1*
Darsono
2
Sanggar Kanto
3
Yayuk Yuliati
4
1,2,3,4
University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
e-mail: larasatiatika@gmail.com
1
, darsono_wisa@yahoo.com
2
, sanggar[email protected]
3
,
yayuk.yyl@gmail.com
4
*Correspondence: larasatiatika@gmail.com
Submitted: 27 March 2022, Revised: 04 April 2022, Accepted: 15 April 2022
Abstract. This study aims to explore strategies for winning women's legislatures in politics. Women
in the history of civilization are often number two. With the help of previous studies, we can find
out that the impacts that women bring on politics to policy making have a significant positive
impact. This study uses a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. The
location in this study is Malang Raya (Malang City, Batu City and Malang Regency) as the second
largest city and an education city located in East Java province, where East Java province is known
as a province with mature political maturity in Indonesia because several stakeholders important
power is women. With the help of some descriptive data that shows the level of participation or
representation of women in government in Malang Raya, the researchers focused on how the
strategies of these women in enabling themselves to assume power. The results of the study show
that various strategies used by women in Malang Raya in winning legislative seats can be used as
further studies as points that allow for an increase in the realization of women's representation in
government.
Keywords: strategy; women; politics; Malang Raya.
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DOI : 10.36418/jrssem.v1i9.142 https://jrssem.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/jrssem/index
INTRODUCTION
Women's participation in politics is very
important, because their presence in the
political arena to reach the position of
policy makers can improve the welfare of
women's groups by representing, guarding
and influencing the agenda and process of
policy making and making (Prati, 2018);
(Powell & Greenhaus, 2012); (Jones, 2010).
The more women in parliament or the
political arena, the more their existence can
improve the welfare of women themselves.
because with this they are able to
represent, oversee and influence the
agenda and policy-making process, as well
as participate in the development process
that is friendly to women (Resurrección,
2013); (Perlaviciute & Squintani, 2020). The
positive effects when women are more
involved in politics and become qualified
representatives of the Party and the People
are such as a reduction in the number of
corruption, economic strengthening,
equality for the marginalized and security
and peace (Holden & Ghebru, 2016); (Wolf,
2013).
The results of the survey released by the
women research institute, stated that 74%
of Indonesian people believe and agree to
support and provide opportunities for
women to participate in the political arena,
and 47% in the survey the reason women
can be elected as members of the DPR is
because women have the ability to fight for
the aspirations and needs of the
community.
Barometer Global Corruption
Transparency International also claims its
findings show that women are less likely to
pay bribes and are more likely to condone
corruption. The World Bank study shows
that an 8% increase in the number of
women sitting in parliament will reduce the
country's corruption rate by 20%.Women
Research Institute, conducted a survey
conducted on 1,200 respondents in 33
provinces with a margin of error of 2.8%. Of
the total respondents, as many as 58% of
respondents agreed that the more women
in parliament, the faster justice for women
and men. The existence of women as
representatives of the people and political
parties provides greater hope for the
struggle for issues that are the basic needs
of society.
In Indonesia, the majority of governing
institutions are dominated by men who
clearly prioritize their own interests over
women's interests (Chuenpagdee & Song,
2012), they also do little to promote women
and women's issues. So, it is very important
that women are able to organize and
mobilize their networks, by increasing their
own representation.
Based on data from the 2010-2035
Indonesian Population Projection, of the
total 261.9 million Indonesian population in
2017, the female population is 130.3 million
or around 49.75 percent of the population.
Unfortunately, the large female population
is not represented in parliament. Data on
women who occupied the DPR seats in
1999-2004 were 46 (9%), men 500 (91%),
while in 2004-2009 women were 61
(11.09%) and 489 men (88). ,9%) (Kobayashi
et al., 2011); (Sarilita, Rynn, Mossey, Black,
& Oscandar, 2020).
One of the provinces in Indonesia that
has become a barometer of women's
politics is East Java. East Java is a province
that is currently considered very mature in
1266 | Strategy for Winning Women's Legislature in the 2019 Malang General Election
terms of women's politics. ten leaders in
East Java are women, coming from 38
districts and cities plus one province of East
Java. The composition of regional heads is
the most in Indonesia. This means that
women's political awareness in choosing
and providing opportunities for women in
politics and becoming regional heads in
East Java is very high (Prihatini, 2018).
However, this is not directly proportional to
the representation of women in legislative
seats. In 2014, East Java's female legislative
candidates received the lowest vote
(9.81%), with the highest percentage of
representation achieved by Central Java,
namely 44.23%. One of the areas in East
Java that has a good percentage of
women's representation compared to
other regions in terms of politics is Malang
Raya (Malang City, Malang Regency and
Batu City). The data obtained from the KPU
explains the representation of women in
Malang Raya in the 2014-2019 period. in
Batu City the representation of women in
legislative seats is 32%, in Malang City as
much as 20%, and in Malang Regency 12%.
The strategies used by women in
politics are also not inferior to men,
perhaps even more interesting due to
differences in experience and how to solve
problems and develop strategies
themselves (Hong, Suh, & Koo, 2011). Like
the research that will be conducted at this
time is regarding the strategy of winning
female legislators in the 2019 general
election in Malang Raya.
This woman in a strategic position in
Malang Raya comes from various parties,
by applying the strategies brought by the
party and the strategies that are owned by
her personally. It can be used to seize and
compete with men in legislative elections.
the involvement of women in Malang Raya
as members of the legislature or in strategic
positions can also last up to two periods.
The complete winning strategy for these
women legislators is something that is not
widely disclosed. In fact, the strategies of
these legislative women are useful as
guidelines for other female legislative
candidates, in order to achieve their
political goals. From the description of the
background above, the researcher decided
to explore how the strategy for winning
female legislators has been carried out in
Malang Raya.
METHODS
This study uses a qualitative-desciptive
research methodology with a
phenomenological approach. The
phenomenology in this study serves to find
out about the experiences of women as
candidates and elected legislative
members to the winning election strategies
of these women in power-oriented politics.
The research location is Malang Raya,
which includes Malang City, Batu City and
Malang Regency based on the
consideration of the high level of women's
participation in legislative elections.
Geographical reasons such as the proximity
of the 3 regions of Malang Raya, similar
demographic characteristics and Malang as
an education city and the second largest
city after Surabaya in East Java are other
important considerations.
This study uses Field Research data
collection techniques by collecting data
related to research and then grouping
them into discussions according to the
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needs and research, while the data
collection techniques in the field are semi-
structured interviews that will be
conducted with female legislators and
female legislative candidates. In Malang
Raya, interviews will also be conducted with
party representatives who meet the criteria.
To support the data, interviews will also be
conducted with male legislative candidates
and members of the legislature in Malang,
the head of the KPU in Malang Raya and
political consultants who handle the
legislature in Malang. The second is
documentation of documents in the form
of writing, which can be in the form of
diaries, life histories, regulations, policies.
Documents in the form of images such as
photographs of the legislative activities of
the incumbent women, as well as
recordings of the activities carried out. The
last is moderate participatory observation,
ie there is a balance between researchers
being insiders and outsiders (Burns,
Fenwick, Schmied, & Sheehan, 2012), so
that researchers can collect data by
participating in some activities, but not all
of them. Observations in this study were
carried out at the legislative office for
women and men, the Office of Political
Parties in Malang Raya, KPU Malang Raya,
political consultant offices in Malang Raya
then the observation data were collected to
be a source of data which would then be
processed. According to Spradley (Sale &
Thielke, 2018), the object of observation in
qualitative research consists of three
components, namely, place, namely
Malang Raya and , actor.
In determining the validity of the data
(trustworthiness) an inspection technique is
needed based on several criteria, namely
(Moleong, 2018), the degree of trust
(credibility), transferability (dependability)
and certainty (confirmability). In testing the
validity of the data technique, the
researcher includes steps such as; Extended
participation is required in research.
Diligent and detailed observation of the
object of in-depth observation, checking
and comparison using triangulation, Peer-
to-peer examination through discussion,
this technique is carried out by exposing
temporary or final results obtained in the
form of discussions with knowledgeable
colleagues with the aim of validation,
Negative case analysis to improve
knowledge discourse, Checking the
members involved in the data collection
process, detailed descriptions and auditing.
In qualitative research with the data
collection method that the researcher
chooses, data collection will be carried out
continuously until the data is saturated,
which will result in a high variation of data,
so data analysis is needed to systematically
organize the data obtained into categories,
describing them into units, synthesizing,
compiling into patterns, choosing which
data are important or needed and which
are not (Mehta & Pandit, 2018).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Percentage of Women's Wins in the
2019-2024 General Elections in
Malang
The women's legislative victory,
especially in the Malang Raya area in
the 2019-2024 legislative election, has
not been able to meet the 30%
representation threshold, even though
it has been encouraged by affirmative
1268 | Strategy for Winning Women's Legislature in the 2019 Malang General Election
action policies or positive
discrimination in the form of unequal
treatment within a certain period of
time, as stated in the provisions of the
Law. Law Number 2 of 2008 and
Election Law Number 7 of 2017. Since
it was first implemented in the 2004
elections, affirmative policies have
actively provided opportunities for
female legislative candidates in
Indonesia, especially at the DPR level.
Iqbal and Kurniawan (2019) found an
increase in the number of women
elected to the DPR in the 2004
election, namely 65 members out of a
total of 550 seats (11.8%). The number
of women members in the DPR
increased in the 2009 elections
through the implementation of the
affirmation plus policy (30% and
placement of 1 of 3), with the figure at
18% or 101 women members from a
total of 560. The 2014 elections
implemented the same affirmation
plus policy, but the number of women
members was elected. reduced to 97
people from 560 members of the DPR
(17.3%). The absence of affirmative
action at the legislative level is due to
many reasons, considering that every
political party has tried to implement
this policy in the process of selecting
candidates for the general election.
The percentage of women's
representation quota has basically
been fulfilled at the party level. Every
political party that participated in the
2019 legislative elections has fulfilled
the minimum quota of 30%
representation of female candidates as
DPRD (Regional House Of
Representative) members in the
Malang Raya area, as shown in the
following table of women's
representation at the party level:
Table 1. Representation of Temporary Female Candidates in the 2019 Legislative Election
or pileg (pilihan legislatif) Malang City 2019 Kota Malang
No.
Urut
Partai Politik
Calon
Legislatif
% Keterwakilan
Perempuan
P
Total
1
Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa
14
45
31%
2
Partai Gerakan Indonesia
Raya
14
45
31%
3
Partai Demokrasi Indonesia
Perjuangan
17
45
38%
4
Partai Golongan Karya
16
42
38%
5
Partai Nasdem
14
43
33%
6
Partai Gerakan Perubahan
Indonesia
0
0
0
7
Partai Berkarya
15
34
44%
8
Partai Keadilan Sejahtera
14
42
33%
9
Partai Persatuan Indonesia
14
44
32%
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10
Partai Persatuan
Pembangunan
14
33
42%
11
Partai Solidaritas Indonesia
6
18
33%
12
Partai Amanat Nasional
15
42
36%
13
Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat
15
35
43%
14
Partai Demokrat
15
40
37%
19
Partai Bulan Bintang
7
21
33%
20
Partai Keadilan dan
Persatuan Indonesia
0
0
0
190
529
36%
Table 2. Representation of Temporary Women Candidates in the 2019 Legislative Election
or pileg (pilihan legislatif) Batu City
No.
Urut
Partai Politik
Calon
Legislatif
% Keterwakilan
Perempuan
P
Total
1
Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa
12
30
40%
2
Partai Gerakan Indonesia
Raya
13
30
43%
3
Partai Demokrasi Indonesia
Perjuangan
12
30
40%
4
Partai Golongan Karya
14
30
47%
5
Partai Nasdem
12
30
40%
6
Partai Gerakan Perubahan
Indonesia
0
0
0
7
Partai Berkarya
9
16
56%
8
Partai Keadilan Sejahtera
10
25
40%
9
Partai Persatuan Indonesia
12
29
41%
10
Partai Persatuan
Pembangunan
3
4
75%
11
Partai Solidaritas Indonesia
3
7
43%
12
Partai Amanat Nasional
14
30
47%
13
Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat
0
0
0
14
Partai Demokrat
12
30
40%
19
Partai Bulan Bintang
9
16
56%
20
Partai Keadilan dan
Persatuan Indonesia
3
6
50%
138
313
44%
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Table 3. Representation of Temporary Female Candidates in the 2019 Legislative Election
or pileg (pilihan legislatif) Malang Regency
No.
Urut
Partai Politik
Calon
Legislatif
% Keterwakilan
Perempuan
P
Total
1
Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa
24
50
48%
2
Partai Gerakan Indonesia
Raya
21
48
44%
3
Partai Demokrasi Indonesia
Perjuangan
21
50
42%
4
Partai Golongan Karya
21
50
42%
5
Partai Nasdem
21
50
42%
6
Partai Gerakan Perubahan
Indonesia
0
0
0
7
Partai Berkarya
19
41
46%
8
Partai Keadilan Sejahtera
21
50
42%
9
Partai Persatuan Indonesia
16
37
43%
10
Partai Persatuan
Pembangunan
28
50
56%
11
Partai Solidaritas Indonesia
6
13
46%
12
Partai Amanat Nasional
26
49
53%
13
Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat
15
37
41%
14
Partai Demokrat
24
47
51%
19
Partai Bulan Bintang
11
25
44%
20
Partai Keadilan dan
Persatuan Indonesia
7
15
47%
281
612
46%
Based on the table above, it can be
seen that the three major regions in
Malang Raya as a whole have
complied with the affirmation policy,
with a minimum representation of 30%
female candidates for each political
party. The number of women's
representation as legislative
candidates does not yet represent the
results of the same quota as elected
members. It is known that the 2019
Malang Raya election resulted in the
number of female members being
represented in the DPRD (Regional
House of Representative) for each
region which was still below the 30%
quota. Malang City DPRD (Regional
House Of Representative) represented
13 female members from 45 seats
(29%), Batu City DPRD (Regional
House Of Representative) produced 4
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female members from 30 seats (13%),
and Malang Regency produced 7
female members from a total of 50
seats in DPRD (Regional House Of
Representative) (14%).
It is understood that the 30%
quota for female legislative members
in Malang Raya has not been achieved
because the number of votes obtained
by several female candidates is less
than the votes obtained by male
legislative candidates. The superiority
of the number of female voters over
men also does not have a significant
influence in the process of winning
female candidates. This can be seen
through several factors, including the
general public's understanding of the
gender-based division of labor as a
social construct, as well as the political
communication strategy adopted by
each female legislative candidate.
Sirajuddin and Sudjono (2018)
concluded that the non-optimal
affirmation policy in political parties
and representative institutions in the
2009 legislative elections was caused
by the following:
1. The political context is dominated
by men, so it does not
accommodate women's political
interests.
2. The male-dominated social
context produces masculine
practices.
3. The cultural context that is
dominated by men through
patriarchal traditions produces
social constructs about the division
of labor between women and men.
4. The decision of the Constitutional
Court that requires the
determination of candidates for
legislative members based on the
majority of votes, not based on the
serial number of the candidates.
Purwanti (2015) also stated that
the representation of women in
politics was not optimal in the 2014 –
2019 legislative elections due to the
patriarchal culture that still exists in all
stakeholders. Therefore, socialization
related to the importance of women's
involvement in the legislature still
needs to be done. Sirajuddin and
Sudjono (2018) suggest that there is a
women's strategy in encouraging
affirmative action quota of 30% in
political parties and regional
representative institutions in Malang
City in 2009, through political
education for women voters and
policy advocacy that favors women's
aspirations and interests.
The strategy for winning female
DPRD (Regional House Of
Representative) candidates provides
an opportunity to increase political
literacy in society in general, in order
to foster a more equal perception and
space for women to compete in the
legislature. The winning strategy is an
important consideration for every
female candidate, considering that the
ideal number of women's
representation according to the 30%
quota is still at the political party level.
Apart from not being optimal in
representing aspirations and policies
that are friendly to women,
achievements at the party level can be
said to be very vulnerable to the
1272 | Strategy for Winning Women's Legislature in the 2019 Malang General Election
practice of political symbols. An
effective political strategy is an
absolute requirement for every
member candidate to realize women's
representation at the legislative level.
B. Strategy for Winning Women's
Legislature in the 2019 General
Election of Malang Raya
The success of elected members in
the struggle for council seats cannot
be separated from the effective
implementation of winning strategies.
It is certain that each candidate has a
certain method used to get the most
votes in the legislative election. The
implementation of each candidate's
strategy is unique because of the
different characteristics of the people
in each electoral district.
1. Malang City
One of the strategies
commonly used by every
legislative candidate in seeking
votes is to utilize social networks,
which are managed separately by
a winning team or managed
independently by each candidate.
This is as done by elected DPRD
(Regional House Of
Representative) member Indah
Nurdiana, STP, from the
Democratic Party faction, who has
served as a member of
Commission B of the Malang City
DPRD (Regional House Of
Representative) since 2019. She
said that her success in winning
votes in the legislative elections
could not be separated from the
role of the winning team, as well as
support from constituents. who
has been treated since the
nomination of Mrs. Indah's
husband, who previously also
served as a member of the Malang
City DPRD (Regional House Of
Representative).
Mrs. Indah gained knowledge
and understanding of the ballot
map and approach to prospective
voters since she participated
directly in her husband's candidacy
campaign in the previous period.
The existence of Mrs. Indah and
her husband in the same party
provided an advantage because
the public became more familiar
with her figure. According to Mrs.
Indah, both female and male
candidates did not have a
significant difference in winning
strategies, apart from the motherly
approach which was considered
more flexible, especially to female
voters.
Political communication with a
direct approach through
community activities is also the
main strategy in the nomination of
Dra. Wiwiek Sukesie DR, M.Sc.,
who both serve as members of
Commission B DPRD (Regional
House Of Representative) Malang
City. The existence of relatives who
are also involved as political
practitioners is undeniable that
they still have an influence on the
vote acquisition of legislative
candidates. Mrs. Wiwiek herself is
known to be descended from a
father who also has experience as
a member of the council. The
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existence of a family in the political
environment certainly has
advantages for a candidate for
legislative members, including
better political insight, knowledge
related to the world of politics on
a local and national scale, to a
figure who has the value of
familiarity with prospective voters
in certain electoral districts.
The winning strategy that was
influenced by political awareness
from the family was also an
advantage for another member of
the PDI-P faction, Amithya
Ratnanggani Sirraduhita, SS, who
served as a member of
Commission D of the Malang City
DPRD (Regional House Of
Representative). In addition to the
presence of a parent figure in the
DPR RI seat, Mrs. Amithya also
actively approaches the
community in her constituency,
which includes Kedung Kandang
District through blusukan
activities. The ability to optimize
internet technology is also utilized
by Mrs. Amithya in conveying her
vision and political program. The
use of social media is one of Mrs.
Amithya's strategies, especially to
attract voices from the millennial
generation who have more insight
into technology and media
literacy.
2. Batu City
The implementation of the
winning strategy for each member
of the legislature during the
nomination campaign process is
carried out by adjusting the
conditions of the people in each
region. The differences in the
traditions and culture of the local
community become one of the
important considerations in
determining the right strategy to
be implemented. The approach
through socialization to the
community by utilizing cultural
closeness is the main strategy
applied by the Deputy Chairman of
Commission B DPRD (Regional
House Of Representative) Batu
City, Nur Aulia Ashanti. The
implementation of this strategy
even succeeded in getting him
elected during the last two terms
of the legislative election, through
the support of the National
Mandate Party. According to Mrs.
Aulia, expanding the network in
the community is a key winning
strategy for her, and especially for
women legislative candidates.
Mrs. Aulia also emphasized the
important role of the winning
team, which specifically managed
the strategy to gain support for
her, apart from the success team
that came from the party. The
majority of the personal success
team came from residents in his
neighborhood in the
Pesanggrahan area, Batu. The
support and enthusiasm from the
residents was very enthusiastic
because Mrs. Aulia was the first
legislative candidate from
Pesanggrahan. Strengthening
social networks is still a priority in
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his campaign, as well as through
the use of simple campaign props.
The use of technology as a
campaign tool is actually not a
priority for Mrs. Aulia, because in
addition to her preference for
socializing directly with the public,
she considers that the community
of potential voters is not too
familiar with the world of the
internet and social media. The
psychological impact of social
media that can affect emotional
conditions is also a consideration
for Mrs. Aulia not to optimize
internet facilities.
The existence of the network
that has been built by Mrs. Aulia
with the community is
strengthened by the use of
programs provided by the
Regional Work Units in the Work
Plan and Budget. According to
Mrs. Aulia, collaboration with
regional heads and service heads
can be a solution to financial
constraints in minimizing political
costs, which generally hinder the
success of legislative candidates. In
the end, his direct proximity to the
community actually became a
source of input for him, because he
could know the needs of the
residents. Meeting the needs of
the community like this will have
an impact on increasing public
confidence in members of the
legislature.
The community approach
based on social networks is also a
major component in the Hj
winning strategy. Dewi Kartika, ST,
who currently serves as Chair of
Commission A of the Batu City
DPRD (Regional House Of
Representative) from the National
Awakening Party faction.
Strengthening social networks
through direct communication
with the public has an
irreplaceable function, even
through technological means.
According to Mrs. Kartika, intense
communication will foster public
recognition, and can initiate
collaboration with various regional
apparatuses. The existence of
recognition from the community
itself is one of the keys to winning
for each member of the council,
both for members who are new to
the legislative world and for
members with incumbent status.
Other supporting components,
such as providing adequate
political costs, are undeniably still
have a function that is no less
important in the strategy of
winning the legislature. However,
according to Mrs. Kartika, the
existence of political costs cannot
absolutely win the trust of
prospective voters, especially for
an incumbent legislative candidate
like him who has so far served as a
member of the DPRD (Regional
House Of Representative) for three
terms. Mrs. Kartika also explained
the differences in strategy
implementation for new and
incumbent legislative candidates,
and emphasized the importance of
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the role of social networks to
reduce obstacles for each
legislative candidate.
Mapping the area based on the
community group that is the target
of voters' votes has a significant
influence on the type of strategy
that is right to be implemented.
According to Mrs. Kartika, the
targeted rural communities in her
constituency still need a direct
approach, because the use of
internet media technology is not
yet optimal. He also added that the
political theory that developed in
the academic sphere did not
always apply in practical political
reality. This contradiction is caused
by the differences in the contours
of society in each different area
and the uniqueness of each, so
that it requires a more cultural
approach.
The use of social networks
used by every legislative candidate
as an election winning strategy
does not have to be pragmatic. A
social network based on the
interests of sharing political
knowledge is one example of the
actions taken by a young member
of the Batu City legislature from
the Indonesian Democratic Party
of Struggle, Amirah Ghaida
Dayanara, S.IP. The existence of a
senior figure who also competes in
the same constituency is an
opportunity for Mrs. Amirah to
learn strategies to win votes. With
a relatively young age, Mrs. Amirah
who currently serves as a member
of Commission A DPRD (Regional
House Of Representative) Batu City
targets the voices of millennials
and youth, as well as the cultural
arts community in the designated
electoral district.
Closeness to the community as
stated by other informants
previously was also the key to Mrs.
Amirah's winning strategy in the
2019 legislative election in Batu
City. For candidates for council
members who are competing for
the first time in political
contestation at the legislative level,
a direct approach through
activities with the community has
several positive values, namely
recognition of the figure of
prospective members, to knowing
the main needs of the community.
The fulfillment of these needs will
have an impact on the emergence
of public confidence in the
performance of legislative
candidates.
The role of political parties that
oversee each candidate for council
members during the campaign
process is only general in nature,
including regulations set by the
general election commission and
supervisory bodies, such as
restrictions on the use of teaching
aids and social media via the
internet. The use of social media
such as Instagram is a means of
socialization considering that the
target voice is youth who are
considered more familiar with
internet technology. While
1276 | Strategy for Winning Women's Legislature in the 2019 Malang General Election
campaign props are certainly
needed to identify potential voters
against potential new members.
Mrs. Amirah also emphasized that
one of the efforts to compete in
political competitions such as
legislative elections is to
strengthen the mentality to
compete. This psychic ability must
be possessed by every candidate.
3. Malang Regency
Malang Regency is the largest
area of the unitary area of Malang
Raya, with the majority of the
population being rural
communities. The distribution of
the population and the
characteristics of the community
that are different from urban areas
require that every legislative
candidate is able to implement an
ideal winning strategy for rural
communities. Based on interviews
with informants Hj. Masfufah, S.Pd.
who serves on Commission IV of
the Malang Regency DPRD
(Regional House Of
Representative) from the National
Awakening Party faction, a direct
approach is the best way to get
votes in Dapil 1, which includes
Gondanglegi District, Bululawang
District, Kepanjen District, and
Pagelaran District. Success in
approaching the community can
even reduce the psychological
influence of the candidate's serial
number in the election, which
according to Mrs. Masfufah has a
big influence on voting.
An understanding of the
diversity of community
characteristics in each region is
one of the keys for Mrs. Masfufah
to find out which areas are the
voices of her supporters. Mapping
the area of the ballot box serves to
sort out the intensity of the
approach, so that each program
can run efficiently. He added that
female candidates have an
advantage that male candidates
do not have in terms of
approaching rural communities.
Political costs are one of the
aspects considered by candidates
for legislative members during the
campaign period. Efficient
management of cost politics will
have an impact on the
implementation of a more
effective winning strategy. For Mrs.
Masfufah, the existence of a
success team that works more
voluntarily is a positive side of her
closeness to the community, which
also has an impact on spending on
campaign needs. Minimizing
political costs will be realized when
a candidate for legislative member
has been able to build a political
network in the area that becomes
the ballot box.
One of the approach programs
to the community carried out by
Mrs. Masfufah is by utilizing recess
activities, as regulated in the
Regulation of the House of
Representatives of the Republic of
Indonesia Number 1 of 2014
concerning Orders. The
involvement of all elements of
Atika Candra Larasati, Darsono, Kanto Studio, Yayuk Yuliati
| 1277
society in activities during recess
has an impact on public
recognition of figures and
performance, as well as
development programs
implemented by the legislature.
During the process of
searching for votes in the
community, Mrs. Masfufah tried to
stay out of the reach of her
political opponents. According to
him, this method was used to
avoid detection, so that the
ongoing political maneuvers could
not be read by his competitors.
One of Mrs. Masfufah's efforts in
guerrilla warfare is to continue to
move and add networks in other
areas, while ensuring the voice of
her supporters. This strategy to
stay below the surface has finally
succeeded in making Mrs.
Masfufah a member of the council
for the last two terms.
The strategy for winning the
final stage carried out by Mrs.
Masfufah a few days before the
election period was to increase the
intensity of campaign socialization,
as well as to hold a "definite vote"
that would support her in the vote
count. As for this intense step that
was carried out constantly for the
past two months before
The social network that was
built as a means to implement the
strategy of winning the legislature
was also carried out by the Deputy
Chairman of Commission I DPRD
(Regional House Of
Representative) Malang Regency,
Ninik Nurmiati, S.Pd., in the first
election he participated in 2019.
The closeness and service to the
community that Mrs. Ninik has
carried out since before the
nomination of the legislature,
while still playing the role of Mrs.
Lurah and Chair of the PKK in
Kanigoro Village, he was the
capital of the vote. As explained by
previous informants, a strong
social network will be able to cover
the shortcomings of prospective
members, for example the
problem of limited political costs.
The habit that was applied
during her time as Chair of the PKK
and the wife of the Village Head to
always try to be involved in
activities with the community
ultimately fostered public trust in
Mrs. Ninik's performance,
especially in accommodating the
aspirations of the community. The
relationship based on mutual trust
between Mrs. Ninik and the
community that is mutualism has a
positive effect, with voice support
coming from the social network
chain that she built with the
residents of Kanigoro Village, to
connect with residents in other
areas in Dapil 1.
Berkecimpung secara aktif
dalam kegiatan sosial bersama
masyarakat juga berdampak pada
keterbatasan waktu Mrs. Ninik
dalam hal keanggotaan Partai
Nasional Demokrat. Prinsip dalam
memprioritaskan dukungan suara
untuk pemilu justru berhasil
1278 | Strategy for Winning Women's Legislature in the 2019 Malang General Election
menggalang dukungan, dengan
lebih dari 60% suara dihasilkan
beliau dari Desa Kanigoro dari
total perolehan mencapai 10 ribu
suara pada pemilihan umum
legislatif.
Characters with characteristics
that are culturally close to the
community have values that are
considered by every political party,
especially in terms of selecting
potential legislative candidates. A
strong character can be an asset
for a candidate for a board
member, when supported by the
existence of a political network
around him. Mrs. Ninik's social
network ultimately widened her
chances of being elected as a
“candidate”, thus paving the way
for a board seat in the Malang
Regency DPRD (Regional House Of
Representative).
CONCLUSIONS
This study shows descriptively the
results of data collection collected from
informants related to women's winning
strategies in the legislative realm in Malang
Raya. The results of the study show various
instrumentalistic and social-based
strategies that were carried out by the
candidates before being elected. This
research is important to observe
considering that women's representation in
the legislature has not been fulfilled so that
this research can be a reference for women
politicians and for academic development
related to social relations that support
women's winning strategies.
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